🇬🇹 Guatemala · Ancient city
Kaminaljuyu
Classic · Maya/Andean
Kaminaljuyu — 200 mounds under Guatemala City.
🇨🇱 Chile · Ancient city
Tikal Twin Pyramid — Atacama (Copiapo)
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Classical
Tikal Twin Pyramid in Atacama, Chile is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) ancient city attributed to Classical culture.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Ancient city
Yerkurgan
Hellenistic to Kushan (320 BCE–500 CE) · Seleucids to Kushans (Yuezhi)
Yerkurgan is a Hellenistic–Kushan city (30 ha) near Karshi with Kushan palace, Greek Corinthian capitals, and Buddhist temple on the Silk Road.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Galindo — Late Moche Coastal Enclave Post-Moche Transition
Late Moche / Transitional (600–800 CE) to Wari influence · Late Moche → Wari (transitional Moche V to coastal Wari)
Moche transition Galindo excavated by Bawden 1980s, Wari presence after Moche southern collapse.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Tell
Tell Deir Alla — Balaam Inscription
Late Bronze Age to Iron Age (1500–700 BCE) · Canaanite / Aramean / Israelite
Tell Deir Alla — Balaam Inscription in Jordan Valley, Jordan is a Late Bronze Age to Iron Age (1500–700 BCE) tell attributed to Canaanite / Aramean / Israelite.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Ancient city
Zar Tepe
Kushan to Sasanian (1st–5th century CE) · Kushan → Sasanian Kidarites
Kushan–Sasanian delta city in Surkhandarya — 15 ha shahristan mapped by multispectral remote sensing.
🇪🇨 Ecuador · Ancient city
Agua Blanca — Machalilla / Manteño spa
Formative to Integration (1500 BCE–1532 CE) · Machalilla to Manteño / Valdivia predecessor
Agua Blanca — Machalilla / Manteño spa in Manabí Province, Ecuador is a Formative to Integration (1500 BCE–1532 CE) ancient-city attributed to Machalilla to Manteño / Valdivia predecessor.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Fortress
Gemellae South Bastion (El Kasbat Ridge)
Roman (Hadrian to Diocletian) · Roman (Numidia, Fossatum)
Fossatum Africae southern rampart and ditch bastion south of Gemellae.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Fortress
Karmir Blur (Teishebaini)
Urartian (c.685–590 BCE Rusa II) · Urartu → post-Urartian Scythian
Huge fortress (300 × 200 m) with massive ashlar rampart, beer brewery vats, inscribed bronze shields, Teisheba tower and a lower town archive of cattle tribute.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Arabid (Tell Erbid)
Early Jezirah I–III (c.3000–2200 BCE) · Ninevite-5 → Early Dynastic Jezirah
30-ha EB town with nine-phase Ninevite-5 through ED III defensive wall, gate with corbel vault, “Animal House” kitchen with fauna scatters, eye-idol temple and Soviet-Polish plan 7 stratified ED…
🇮🇶 Iraq · Tell
Tell Harmal
Old Babylonian (c.2000–1750 BCE; peak c.1800 BCE) · Isin-Larsa → Old Babylonian (Amorite-Eshnunna)
Best-preserved Old Babylonian planned town (2.25 ha, 150×150 m orthogonal walled) with twin temples (Šara, Bēlet-Agade), admin complex (3000 tablets including a...
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Zitha (Ziana)
Punic to Byzantine (3rd c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Punic / Roman (Tripolitana)
Causeway waystation over sebkha between Zarzis and Gigthis.
🇮🇱 Israel · Ancient city
Avdat Highland Annex — Negev Nabataean Town Extension
Nabataean to Byzantine (300 BCE–600 CE) · Nabataean (Aretas)
Avdat Highland Annex — Negev Nabataean Town Extension in Southern District, Israel is a Nabataean to Byzantine (300 BCE–600 CE) ancient-city attributed to Nabataean (Aretas).
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Doukki Gel — Kerma Ceremonial City
Kerma (2500–1500 BCE) + Egyptian overlapping · Kerma / Egyptian
Doukki Gel — Kerma Ceremonial City in Northern State, Sudan is a Kerma (2500–1500 BCE) + Egyptian overlapping ancient-city attributed to Kerma / Egyptian.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Sagalassos — Antonine Nymphaeum Upper Agora
Hellenistic to Early Byzantine (333 BCE–700 CE peak 2nd c. CE) · Pisidian → Roman Imperial
Toros Pisidian city excavated by Waelkens 1990–, earthquake 540 CE disruption, Antonine cascade reconstructed 2014.
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Shahdad — Kerman Bronze Age Oasis
Early Bronze Age Jiroft–Shahdad (3000–2000 BCE) · Jiroft culture (Halil Rud)
Shahdad — Kerman Bronze Age Oasis in Kerman Province, Iran is a Early Bronze Age Jiroft–Shahdad (3000–2000 BCE) ancient-city attributed to Jiroft culture (Halil Rud).
🇧🇿 Belize · Ancient city
Lubaantun
Late Classic Maya · Maya
Lubaantun in Toledo District, Belize is a Late Classic Maya ancient city attributed to Maya culture. Settlement complex with stratified occupation, demonstrating urban planning and craft production.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Mopsuestia — Pyramidal Pyramid Road Station
Hittite Mopsos to Roman (1300 BCE–400 CE) · Mopsos/House of Mopsos, Roman Mamistra
Mopsuestia — Pyramidal Pyramid Road Station in Adana Province, Turkey is a Hittite Mopsos to Roman (1300 BCE–400 CE) ancient-city attributed to Mopsos/House of Mopsos, Roman Mamistra.
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Susa Acropolis
Ubaid to Islamic (c.4200 BCE–1300 CE; peak Elamite–Achaemenid) · Susa I–II → Elamite → Achaemenid → Parthian–Sasanian → Islamic
Elamite and Achaemenid acropolis (14 ha, 25 m high) at Susa, capital of Elam and Darius I winter capital. French excavat...
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Ephesus Arsinoeion-Octagon — Sanctuary Terrace of Arsinoe
Hellenistic to Roman (288 BCE – 262 CE) · Ptolemaic to Roman Ephesian
Curetes terrace with 36 m Arsinoeion rotunda and Octagon princess tomb.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Kanytelis (Kanlıdivane) — Cilician Chasm City
Hellenistic to Byzantine (300 BCE–600 CE) · Olba kingdom then Byzantine
Kanytelis (Kanlıdivane) — Cilician Chasm City in Mersin Province, Turkey is a Hellenistic to Byzantine (300 BCE–600 CE) ancient-city attributed to Olba kingdom then Byzantine.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Edzná Archaeological Zone
Maya Late Preclassic–Late Classic 400 BCE–1450 CE · Maya (Chenés–Puuc)
Five-storey 32 m pyramid, 1.4 km hydraulic canal.
🇲🇷 Mauritania · Ancient city
Koumbi Saleh — Ghana Empire Capital Kumbi
Ghana Empire (300–1240 CE peak 800–1070 CE Wattasi/Awdaghust description) · Soninke Ghana (Awdaghust) → Wagadu
Koumbi Saleh excavated by Bonnel de Mézières 1914 and Berthier 1970s, Ghana capital 800–1240.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Sarissa
Hittite (c.1600–1180 BCE; peak 1500–1200 as weather-god city) · Hittite (Empire, weather-god cult)
Sarissa (Kuşaklı) on a windswept 1600-m ridge is the Hittite sacred city of the weather-god — planned Hittite city with 2-km wall, dam and granary, built under...