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🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Mahajanapada 600 BCE → Mauryan → Gupta 4th c CE · Vatsa Janapada → Mauryan → Sunga–Gupta (Middle Ganga)
Kausambi (Kosambi) — capital of Vatsa Mahajanapada (c.600 BCE–300 CE) on Yamuna 56 km SW Prayagraj, excavated 1949–56 by G.R. Sharma (Allahabad University).
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Rock art
Middle to Late Classic (400 – 800 CE) · Cotzumalhuapa
Bilbao Cotzumalhuapa in Escuintla, Guatemala is a Middle to Late Classic (400 – 800 CE) rock art attributed to Cotzumalhuapa culture.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Ubaid to Late Chalcolithic / Early Bronze (c.4500–3200 BCE; urban peak LC2 c.3700 BCE) · North Mesopotamian LC indigenous → confronts Late Uruk expansion
13 ha fortified pre-Uruk northern city with eye-idol temple destroyed by Uruk sling-blitz.
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Neolithic to Sasanian (5500 BCE–500 CE; peak Proto-Elamite 3100–2600 BCE) · Central Iran Neolithic → Proto-Elamite → Kerman Bronze → Iron → Sasanian
Soghun Plain circular tell with Proto-Elamite chlorite workshop and lapis trade archive.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Kerma Ancien to Late (c.2500–1500 BCE; Napatan reuse 900 BCE) · Kerma culture (Nubian / Sudanese) – precursors to Kush/Napata/Meroe
2500 BCE Nubian capital with 19 m Deffufa temple and tumuli – first sub-Saharan city, excavated 1977–.
🇰🇪 Kenya · Archaeological wonder
Late Iron Age (15th–19th c CE) · Luo (Bantu-Luo Nilotic) / Gusii
UNESCO Luo walled town Thimlich Ohinga — 4-m dry-stone walls enclosing hill settlement.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Middle Kingdom to X-Group (1860–500 BCE peak 1850 BCE) · Ancient Egyptian occupier
Mid-Nile island kite-fort Askut guarding Second Cataract channel.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Pheradi Majius is a locality and archaeological site in Tunisia located at 36.250003°N 10.397047°E near the modern town of Sidi Khalifa in Sousse Governorate, Tunisia that is located at 36° 14′ 58″…
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Ancient city
Preclassic–Late Classic · Maya (Eastern Petén)
Lacustrine Maya city (600 BCE–900 CE) on north shore of Lake Yaxhá, with 500+ structures: North Acropolis 23 m twin pyramids, Main Plazas, South Acropolis, twin ballcourts, island...
🇬🇷 Greece · Ancient city
Eretria (; Greek: Ερέτρια, Erétria, Ancient Greek: Ἐρέτρια, Erétria, literally 'city of the rowers') is a town in Euboea, Greece, facing the coast of Attica across the narrow South Euboean Gulf.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Sothi → Mature → Late Harappan / OCP 3000–1500 BCE · Indus Valley (Sothi–Harappan Eastern Domain)
Key Indus Eastern Domain type-site (c.3000–1500 BCE) on the Drishadvati–Sarasvati divide at Bhiwani, Haryana — two mounds (A 23 ha citadel, B 10 ha lower town) excavated 1968 by Suraj Bhan revealing…
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Geoy Tepe (also Gök Tepe) is an archaeological site in northwestern Iran, about 7 kilometers south of Urmia (Reżāʾīya), Gug Tappeh.
🇺🇸 United States · Ancient city
Late Mississippian (Medley–Dorena phases) · Mississippian (Bootheel)
Fortified Late Mississippian center (1000–1350 CE) with 7 mounds and bastioned palisade on Bootheel terrace.
🇻🇳 Vietnam · Ancient city
Óc Eo 100 BCE–300 CE → Funan 200–600 CE → Chenla 600–800 CE → Khmer influence 800–1200 · Óc Eo–Funan (pre–Angkorian Mekong hydraulic with Indianization)
Mekong Delta Óc Eo–Funan secondary city (100 BCE–600 CE) at Go Thap Tháp Mười — 400 ha with Vishnu Garuda and 20 km canal to Oc Eo.
🇬🇷 Greece · Ancient city
Cyparissus or Kyparissos (Ancient Greek: Κυπάρισσος) was a town of ancient Phocis, in the vicinity of Delphi. It is mentioned in the Homeric Catalogue of Ships in the Iliad along with Pytho (Delphi).
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Amrit (Arabic: عمريت) is a small village near Tartus, in south-western Syria. It lies on the site of the ancient Marathus (Ancient Greek: Μάραθος, Marathos), a Phoenician port located near…
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Barsana is a historical town and nagar panchayat in the Mathura district of the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Chalcolithic–Iron Age (4200–700 BCE), Melid proper c.1100–700 BCE · Late Chalcolithic palace → Neo-Hittite Luwian kingdom of Kammanu/Melid
Neo-Hittite Melid capital (Iron Age successor to Arslantepe palace, UNESCO 1622) on Malatya plain.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Mitanni to Neo-Assyrian (c. 1500 – 600 BCE) · Mitanni / Middle Assyrian / Neo-Assyrian
Khabur river provincial port – quay 60 m and lower town harbour basin 100×60 m silted east of tell.
🇹🇿 Tanzania · Ancient city
Swahili Golden Age (14th–16th c) · Swahili (Shirazi–Bantu-Arab)
Songo Mnara is the 15th-century Swahili stone town on Songo Mnara Island (Lindi) 10 km S of Kilwa Kisiwani, inhabited 14th–16th c then abandoned.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Jarmo (Kurdish: چەرمۆ, romanized: Çermo or Qelay Çermo, also Qal'at Jarmo) is a prehistoric archeological site located in modern Iraqi Kurdistan on the foothills of the Zagros Mountains.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Hellenistic to Early Byzantine (classical antiquity to c.640 CE earthquake) · Pisidian → Hellenistic → Roman Imperial → Byzantine
Pisidian highland Roman city at 1,600 m with restored Antonine Nymphaeum and cliff theatre.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Early Historic (regional) · Early Historic
Lower Rajasthan Necropolis A — Rajasthan, Jaipur (54-43) at Rajasthan, Jaipur, India is a Early Historic (regional) ancient city of the Early Historic tradition, built c.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Pyramid
Late Postclassic (Tlahuica / Aztec) · Tlahuica / Aztec
Tlahuica twin-temple pyramid at Teopanzolco — 35×25 m double pyramid c.1200 CE with 11 nests; 2017 earthquake revealed hidden Tlaloc temple.
