🇲🇷 Mauritania · Ancient city
Chinguetti
Medieval to Early Modern (13th–19th c; library peak 17th–18th c) · Berber / Arab / Alkhalid
13th c scholar-ksar with 20-m square minaret and 5 manuscript libraries 1400+ codices.
🇬🇷 Greece · Archaeological wonder
Upper Delphi Hilltop A — Delphi (60-32)
Neolithic (regional) · Neolithic
Upper Delphi Hilltop A — Delphi (60-32) at Delphi, Greece is a Neolithic (regional) archaeological wonder of the Neolithic tradition, built c. 800 CE for hilltop and associated settlement.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Belalis Maior
Numidian to Byzantine (3rd c. BCE–7th c. CE; peak 2nd–5th c. CE) · Numidian / Roman / Byzantine
Belalis Maior (Henchir el-Faouar) dominates a platform 8 km northeast of Béja, a fertile Tell city excavated by Mahjoubi since 1960. Revealed: monumental capitol (peripteral), Byzantine citadel 6th c.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock-cut
El-Hawawish
Old Kingdom to Middle Kingdom (2700–1800 BCE; peak 2300–2100 BCE) · Ancient Egyptian
El-Hawawish is the Old–Middle Kingdom cliff necropolis of Akhmim (Panopolis, 9th nome) on eastern desert edge, 800+ rock-cut tombs 3000–1800 BCE on 1.5 km wadi terrace.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Archaeological wonder
Mons Claudianus
Roman Imperial (1st–4th c. CE; peak Trajan–Hadrian 98–138 CE) · Roman (Imperial quarrying)
Mons Claudianus is a remote Eastern Desert granodiorite (quartz-diorite) imperial quarry, 700 m altitude between Nile and Red Sea, source of grey column shafts for Pantheon, Trajan's Forum and Villa…
🇯🇴 Jordan · Archaeological wonder
Wadi Feynan and Wadi Arabah Copper Belt
Chalcolithic to Byzantine (c.4100 BCE–600 CE; peak Iron Age II) · Egyptian New Kingdom (eastern Timna sphere) → Edomite/Neo-Assyrian desert polity → Nabataean → Roman chrome convict mines
Jordanian Arabah slag-mountain copper belt — Iron Age Edomite desert industry outweighing Timna.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Archaeological wonder
Gordion – Phrygian Capital
Early Phrygian Iron Age (~1200–700 BCE; Midas tumulus ~740 BCE) · Phrygian (Balkan–Anatolian)
Phrygian capital at the Sangarius bend where Rodney Young's Penn excavations revealed a burnt 800 BCE citadel with polished pebble mosaics – the oldest known – and the great Tumulus MM: 53-m high and…
🇹🇿 Tanzania · Rock art
Kondoa Rock Art Sites
Late Stone Age to recent (~3000 BCE – 19th century CE; most 1500 BCE onward) · Sandawe hunter-gatherer to Bantu pastoralist, later Warangi
Over 150 shelters scattered across the Kondoa escarpment display stratified painting traditions: early naturalistic eland and human figures with elongated heads (hunter-gatherer), later white…
🇬🇷 Greece · Temple complex
Heraion of Samos
Archaic to Roman ~900 BCE–300 CE · Samian Greek (Ionian)
Polycrates' 109 m giant Ionic Heraion - largest attempted Greek temple on Samos plain.
🇹🇿 Tanzania · Archaeological wonder
Olduvai Gorge — Cradle of Humankind
Early Pleistocene to Holocene (2.1 Ma–15 ka Beds I–V) · Paranthropus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus → Maasai
Olduvai Gorge is the 50 km Great Rift tributary gorge (48 m deep) exposing 2.1 Ma to 15 ka stratified sequence where Louis & Mary Leakey found Zinjanthropus (Paranthropus boisei 1.75 Ma), Homo…
🇯🇴 Jordan · Earthwork
Desert Kites of Jordan and Syria
Pre-Pottery Neolithic to Bronze Age (~7000–3000 BCE) · Neolithic–Chalcolithic hunter-pastoralist
Over 5,800 kite structures sprawl across the harraat basalt deserts of Jordan, Syria and Saudi Arabia, each comprising two converging low walls up to 5 km long funneling gazelle herds into a stone…
🇵🇪 Peru · Archaeological wonder
Chotuna–Chornancap
Middle Sicán to Chimú 700–1375 CE · Sicán (Lambayeque) then Chimú
Golden Priestess tomb within twin truncated pyramids, 700–1375 CE.
🇨🇷 Costa Rica · Megalith
Diquís Stone Spheres
Chiriquí period (~600–1500 CE; peak Aguas Buenas 800–1350 CE) · Diquís (Chiriquí, Isthmo-Colombian)
Costa Rica's Diquís Delta preserves over 300 near-perfect spheres of gabbro up to 2.66 m diameter and 16 tonnes, shaped by pecking and grinding until calipers verify sphericity within 2 cm.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Archaeological wonder
Ruins of Howe Strath
Andean Formative (1800–200 BCE) · Andean Formative
Ruins of Howe Strath in Balochistan, Pakistan is a Andean Formative (1800–200 BCE) archaeological wonder attributed to Andean Formative culture.
🇦🇺 Australia · Rock art
Panaramitee Engraved Rock Art
Pleistocene to Holocene (c.45,000 BCE–present; classic Panaramitee tradition) · Aboriginal Australian (Adnyamathanha, etc)
Panaramitee – pan-continental pecking tradition (Panaramitee style) of classic circle, dot, crescent, track and line motifs on desert varnished rocks; type site Panaramitee Station South Australia.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Gilda / Rirha
Mauretanian to Islamic (5th c. BCE–8th c. CE; Roman peak 1st–4th c. CE) · Mauretanian / Roman
Rirha (ancient Gilda) on the Sebou River is a Mauretanian city turned Roman colonia, 5th c. BCE–8th c. CE, excavated by Callegarin 2005–.
🇬🇷 Greece · Temple complex
Sanctuary of the Great Gods, Samothrace
Archaic to Roman 7th c. BCE–300 CE · Thracian-Greek mystery cult (pan-Hellenic pilgrimage)
Mystery sanctuary on Samothrace where Winged Victory crowned a sacred torrent ravine.
🇧🇼 Botswana · Rock art
Tsodilo Hills Rock Art
Later Stone Age to recent (~8000 BCE – historical) · San (Basarwa) hunter-gatherer and Bantu pastoralist
Four quartzite inselbergs rising abruptly from the Kalahari sandveldt preserve over 4,500 paintings across 500 sites, dominated by the 1,400-m Male Hill.
🇮🇹 Italy · Rock art
Valcamonica Rock Drawings
Paleolithic to Iron Age (8,000 BCE–16th c. CE peak; Epipaleolithic to medieval) · Camunni (Iron Age Alpine) and earlier hunter groups
Valcamonica – 140,000+ petroglyphs carved over 8,000 years (8th millennium BCE–16th c.) across 250 km² Brescia Alps. 8 parks (Naquane 104 rocks, Seradina-Bedolina map).
🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock art
Jebel Uweinat Rock Art Plateau
Early to Middle Holocene (8000–3000 BCE) · Saharan hunter-pastoral (Gilf Kebir tradition)
Jebel Uweinat (1,934m) – tri-border massif (Egypt-Libya-Sudan) with Gilf Kebir hunter-pastoral rock art (8000–3000 BCE): cattle, giraffe, ostrich and archer scenes; Ayrton-McMahon 1900s surveys;…
🇨🇾 Cyprus · Submerged site
Mural Hall Submerged 12 — Cyprus Region 12
Period Bronze Age · Regional culture Submerged-Variant
Mural Hall Submerged 12 — Cyprus Region 12 in Cyprus Region 12, Cyprus is a Bronze Age submerged-city with stratified deposits and regional significance. Excavations reveal architectural phasing.
🇵🇪 Peru · Hydraulic works
Moche Canal System and Puquios
Moche 100–800 CE; Wari continuation · Moche (La Libertad)
Moche Canal System – north coast Peru Moche Valley hydraulic (100–800 CE): 30 km intervalley canals (La Cumbre, Ascope) diverting Moche River to arid Chicama, puquios spiral-wells tapping aquifer…
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Tumulus Cemetery Temple 32 — India Region 8
Period Late Holocene · Regional culture Temple-Universal
Tumulus Cemetery Temple 32 — India Region 8 in India Region 8, India is a Neolithic temple-complex with stratified deposits and regional significance. Excavations reveal architectural phasing.
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Dolmen Avenue Temple 59 — India Region 11
Period Neolithic · Regional culture Temple-Universal
Dolmen Avenue Temple 59 — India Region 11 in India Region 11, India is a Iron Age temple-complex with stratified deposits and regional significance. Excavations reveal architectural phasing.