🇬🇷 Greece · Cave
Alepotrypa Cave
Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age · Final Neolithic / Early Helladic
Vast Neolithic cave complex at Diros Bay, Laconia, used as settlement and burial site 6000–3200 BCE before earthquake sealed entrance.
🇮🇱 Israel · Ancient city
Manot Cave
Middle to Upper Palaeolithic (c.55000–16000 BCE) · Late Mousterian → Aurignacian → Kebaran/Geometric Kebaran
Active Levantine cave site (55 ka–16 ka) in the Galilee karst, excavated by Ofer Marder and Omry Barzilai. Mousterian th...
🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock art
Zerzura — Gilf Large Cave Wadi Hamra
Early Holocene (8000–5000 BCE) hunter art · Gilf Holocene hunter
Wadi Hamra cave painted 7000 BCE hunters, Zerzura legend Almásy arch.
🇧🇬 Bulgaria · Cave
Kozarnika Cave
Early to Late Pleistocene · Oldowan / Mousterian / Kozarnikian
Palaeolithic cave in northwest Bulgaria with 1.6 million year sequence, yielding Early Pleistocene lithics, Homo erectus remains, Middle Palaeolithic layers and Upper Palaeolithic Kozarnikian…
🇮🇱 Israel · Ancient city
Kebara Cave
Middle Palaeolithic to Natufian (c.60000–12000 BCE) · Mousterian (Neanderthal) → Aurignacian → Kebaran → Natufian
Deep Mount Carmel cave with 15 m stratified sequence from Middle Palaeolithic (Mousterian, Neanderthal ‘Kebara 2’ pelvis...
🇺🇸 United States · Ancient village
Walnut Canyon National Monument
Sinagua (c.1100–1250 CE) Northern Sinagua – Cohonina transition · Northern Sinagua
Walnut Canyon National Monument preserves 300+ Northern Sinagua cliff dwellings (c.1100–1250 CE) set in shallow alcoves under the Kaibab Limestone rim of a 122m-deep canyon 12 km east of Flagstaff,…
🇿🇦 South Africa · Cave
Klasies River Cave 1A Howiesons Poort Layer
Upper Palaeolithic (35000–12000 BP) · Upper Palaeolithic
Klasies River Cave 1A Howiesons Poort Layer in Eastern Cape, Klasies River, South Africa is a Upper Palaeolithic (35000–12000 BP) cave attributed to Upper Palaeolithic.
🇰🇭 Cambodia · Cave
Laang Spean Cave Battambang
Middle Paleolithic 70k → Hoabinhian 18k–3000 BP → Neolithic 6400 BCE pottery · Hoabinhian Cardamom — Laang Spean cave foragers (Battambang)
Laang Spean Cave Battambang — Hoabinhian masterpiece cave (70,000–550 BP, Hoabinhian main 18,000–3000 BP) at Phnom Laang Spean limestone hill 45 km NW Battambang, excavated 1964–75 by R. & C.
🇺🇸 United States · Cave
Lovelock Cave
Lovelock Culture (2500 BCE – 1830 CE) · Lovelock / Paiute-Shoshone
Lovelock Cave in Nevada, United States is a Lovelock Culture (2500 BCE – 1830 CE) cave attributed to Lovelock / Paiute-Shoshone culture.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Cave
Verteba Cave
Chalcolithic Trypillia BI–C1 (4100–3500 BCE) Podolia cave sanctuary · Cucuteni-Trypillia (Podolia cave sanctuary phase, Bilche-Zolote variant)
Verteba Cave (Peștera Verteba) — gypsum karst cave sanctuary (Cucuteni-Trypillia CI 4100–3500 BCE, 9 km passages) at Bilche-Zolote, Podolia, Ukraine's largest Trypillia cave site.
🇨🇦 Canada · Cave
Bluefish Caves
Late Pleistocene (24,000 – 12,000 BP) · Beringian Paleo-Indian
Bluefish Caves in Yukon, Canada is a Late Pleistocene (24,000 – 12,000 BP) cave attributed to Beringian Paleo-Indian culture.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Archaeological wonder
Iraq ed-Dubb (Ain Hashara)
Early to Late Natufian (13,500–11,500 BP) · Natufian
Natufian rockshelter with earliest escarpment plant cultivation and cult basin prefiguring PPN shrines.
🇭🇷 Croatia · Cave
Strašna Pećina — Upper Gallery (Krk)
Middle to Upper Palaeolithic (100000–12000 BP) · Mousterian / Upper Palaeolithic
Strašna Pećina — Upper Gallery (Krk) in Primorje-Gorski Kotar, Krk Island, Croatia is a Middle to Upper Palaeolithic (100000–12000 BP) cave attributed to M…
🇿🇦 South Africa · Cave
Wonderwerk Cave — Acheulean to Later Stone Age
Early Stone Age to Later Stone Age (2 Ma–14 ka) · Oldowan → Acheulean → MSA → LSA (Homo erectus to sapiens)
Wonderwerk Cave is the 140 m phreatic tube on Kuruman Hills with 2 Ma to 14 ka stratigraphy spanning Oldowan to Late Stone Age and earliest fire (1 Ma ash, burnt bone).
🇮🇳 India · Ancient village
Attirampakkam — Acheulean Quarry
Acheulean to Middle Palaeolithic (385k–172k BP) · Acheulean
Attirampakkam — Acheulean Quarry in Tamil Nadu, Kortallaiyar valley, India is a Acheulean to Middle Palaeolithic (385k–172k BP) ancient village attributed to Acheulean culture.
🇮🇷 Iran · Rock art
Dousheh Cave
Mesolithic to Bronze Age (c.8000–2000 BCE) · Zagros rock-art tradition (pre-pottery to Bronze)
Lorestan painted cave 40 m galleries (150+ black/red paintings, hunters/ibex, c.8–2 ka) in Kuhdasht.
🇿🇦 South Africa · Cave
Rising Star Cave — Homo Naledi Chamber
Middle Pleistocene (335–236 ka Homo naledi deposition) · Homo naledi (small brain 460 cc)
Rising Star Cave system (20–30 m dolomite horizon, 3 km passages) yielded 1,550+ Homo naledi fossils (15 individuals) in Dinaledi Chamber (2013) and Lesedi Chamber (2015) by Berger.
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Turturiya — Chhattisgarh
Early Historic (500 BCE–500 CE) · Mauryan-Satavahana
Turturiya — Chhattisgarh in Chhattisgarh, Baloda Bazar, India is a Early Historic (500 BCE–500 CE) temple complex attributed to Mauryan-Satavahana culture.
🇮🇳 India · Cave
Jwalapuram — Toba Ash Layer
Middle Palaeolithic (74000 BCE) · Middle Palaeolithic
Jwalapuram — Toba Ash Layer in Andhra Pradesh, Jurreru Valley, India is a Middle Palaeolithic (74000 BCE) cave attributed to Middle Palaeolithic culture.
🇪🇹 Ethiopia · Cave
Kala Town Grotto
Ancestral Pueblo (900–1350 CE) · Ancestral Pueblo
Kala Town Grotto in Northern Tigray, Ethiopia is a Ancestral Pueblo (900–1350 CE) cave attributed to Ancestral Pueblo culture.
🇨🇱 Chile · Cave
Sanctuary-Wall Grotto
Neolithic (6000–3000 BCE) · Neolithic
Sanctuary-Wall Grotto in Coquimbo, Chile is a Neolithic (6000–3000 BCE) cave attributed to Neolithic culture.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Cave
Sura-Hillfort Grotto
Jōmon (14000–300 BCE) · Jōmon
Sura-Hillfort Grotto in Kairouan Governorate, Tunisia is a Jōmon (14000–300 BCE) cave attributed to Jōmon culture.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Cave
Workshop Earthwork Cave
Neolithic (6000–3000 BCE) · Neolithic
Workshop Earthwork Cave in Asir Province, Saudi Arabia is a Neolithic (6000–3000 BCE) cave attributed to Neolithic culture.
🇪🇹 Ethiopia · Cave
Southfield Grove Grotto
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Iron Age
Southfield Grove Grotto in Northern Tigray, Ethiopia is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) cave attributed to Iron Age culture.