🇮🇪 Ireland · Earthwork
Grianan of Aileach
Iron Age to Early Medieval (c.1000 BCE–1100 CE) · Iron Age Gaelic → Early Medieval Uí Néill
Donegal hilltop royal cashel (23.5 m diameter) on Greenan Mountain — northern Uí Néill kingship inauguration fort.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Leake Mounds
Middle Woodland to Early Mississippian (Swift Creek–Cartersville) · Woodland (Swift Creek) / Early Mississippian
Moated Swift Creek town (300 BCE–650 CE) with 3 mounds and circular ditch on Etowah River, Georgia.
🇵🇪 Peru · Geoglyph
Chaviña Pampa South Sector Geoglyphs (Quebrada Chaviña Sur)
Nasca-Huari Transition to Middle Horizon · Huarpa–Wari (Lucanas)
Chaviña south pampa: 20 spiral/camelid figures on Lucanas ignimbrite fan at 3,280 m.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Azapa Alto de Azapa Geoglyphs (Upper Azapa Precordillera)
Early Formative Alto Ramírez I–II · Alto Ramírez upper-valley
Upper Azapa precordillera: 18 steep-slope figures at 980 m marking valley bottleneck to highlands.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Geoglyph
Thumamah Plateau Mustatil Field (Riyadh Region)
Late Neolithic (Arabian Neolithic) · Central Arabian Late Neolithic
Easternmost mustatil province (620 m, 25°39′N 46°39′E) on Thumamah limestone plateau 80 km NE of Riyadh, pushing mustatil distribution 400 km east of Dawadmi core.
🇵🇪 Peru · Geoglyph
Chala Pampa Coastal Geoglyphs (Caravelí Coast)
Early Horizon to Early Intermediate (Paracas-Nazca transition) · Huarato / Gramalote coastal
Fog-oasis (lomas) fringe geoglyphs on Chala Pampa (180 m) 6 km inland from Pacific, marking guanaco trap corridors between lomas loma fog-meadows and desert.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Kyrykoba Kurgan Field — Sarmatian Royal Cemetery (Aktobe, West Kazakhstan)
Early to Middle Sarmatian (Sauromatian–Early Sarmatian, 500–350 BCE) · Sauromatian–Early Sarmatian (Prokhorovka transitional)
40+ Sarmatian royal mounds (5th–4th c BCE) with 820-g gold torque and Amazon warrior — West Kazakh Ural steppe.
🇩🇪 Germany · Ancient village
Campen Plank Road – Emsland Bog Trackway (Landegge)
Early Iron Age (Hallstatt C) · Ems-Hunte Iron Age (Pre-Roman)
1.2-km split-oak corduroy (668 BCE) across Campen Moor — earliest Emsland Bohlenweg.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Yon Mound and Village
Middle Woodland to Mississippian (100 BCE–1450 CE) · Swift Creek → Weeden Island → Fort Walton (late Mississippian)
Middle Woodland Swift Creek to Fort Walton Mississippian mound-village (100 BCE–1450 CE) on Apalachicola River terrace: flat-topped platform 6 m high (45×30 m) with ramp to plaza, adjacent burial…
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Geoglyph
Ustyurt Karynzharyk Kite Field (Mangystau)
Late Neolithic to Early Bronze (Kelteminar-Bozashy) · Ustyurt steppe Kelteminar
Central Asian steppe-kite province on the Ustyurt chalk plateau (160 m, 44°12′N 54°12′E) in the 40 m deep Karynzharyk karst depression (Ustyurt Biosphere).
🇯🇴 Jordan · Geoglyph
Wadi Rum Kite Corridor – Hisma Desert
Late Neolithic · Hisma Neolithic pastoralists
21 Late Neolithic sandstone kites (6000–4500 BCE) against Wadi Rum inselbergs — southernmost Levantine corridor.
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Willkawaín (Wilkawain) — Wari-Rucu Pyramid Temple (Caleyón de Huaylas, Ancash, Peru)
Middle Horizon (600–800 CE), Recuay–Wari · Recuay (Pashash)–Wari (Huari)
Three-storey subterranean-tower pyramid-mausoleum (12 m high, 18x18 m square) of Recuay (Pashash) then Wari-Tiwanaku horizon (600–800 CE) in Callejón de Huaylas at 3400 m, built of dressed white…
🇵🇪 Peru · Geoglyph
Pampa de Majes Geoglyphs
Middle Horizon to Late Intermediate Wari-Chuquibamba · Wari-influenced Majes valley
35+ broad trapezoidal geoglyphs (600-900 CE) on Pampa de Majes with 600-m highways converging on cairn huacas.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Geoglifos de Pintados
Late Formative to Late Intermediate (700–1500 CE) · Atacameño, Tarapacá and Altiplano caravan cultures
400 Atacama caravan geoglyphs (700–1500 CE) etched in desert varnish above the Tamarugal pampa.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Geoglyph
Mount Aragats Plateau Kites Extension (Armenian Highlands)
Neolithic to Early Bronze (Aratashen-Shulaveri to Kura-Araxes) · Armenian Highland Neolithic
Highest (3,200 m, 40°30′N 44°20′E) kite field in the Palearctic on the alpine plateau of Mount Aragats (4,090 m volcano).
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Turtle Mound
Late Archaic to late pre-contact St. Johns II (c.800 BCE–1565 CE, major 600–1400 CE) · St. Johns (Ais/Surruque ancestors)
Largest shell mound in mainland United States—St. Johns II / late prehistoric (600–1400 CE) oyster-shell midden-mound 30 ft high (≈15 m) extending 600 ft long × 180 ft wide (≈183×55 m), volume…
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Geoglyph
Harrat ar-Rahah Kite Chain (Tabuk Highlands)
Early Holocene moist phase (Neolithic) · Hijaz Neolithic lava-field hunters
Volcanic-field kites (1,100 m, 27°24′N 37°16′E) of the Harrat ar-Rahah-'Uwayrid cluster (Global Volcanism Program 27.408N 37.279E, 1700 m cluster).
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Baum Village and Works
Middle Woodland Hopewell (50 BCE–350 CE) · Hopewell (Baum phase)
Hopewell rectangular enclosure (120×110 m, 1.3 ha) with habitation village overlapping embankments atPaint Creek terrace—rare instance where Hopewell domestic occupation directly associated with…
🇮🇪 Ireland · Earthwork
Dún Aonghasa
Late Bronze Age to Early Medieval (c.1100 BCE–800 CE) · Atlantic Iron Age / Early Medieval Gaelic
Cliff-edge triple stone fort on Inishmore (6 ha) with massive chevaux-de-frise of jagged limestone — Ireland's most dramatic hillfort.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Earthwork
Grime's Graves — Thetford, Norfolk
Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age (c.3000–1900 BCE) · British Late Neolithic (Grooved Ware / Beaker)
Grime's Graves (c.3000–1900 BCE, peak c.2600 BCE) is a 36-hectare Neolithic flint-mining pockfield in Breckland heath near Brandon, with 433 shaft pits visible as dimples and one deep public pit 9.5…
🇯🇴 Jordan · Geoglyph
Harrat al-Sham Kite Chain
Pre-Pottery Neolithic · PPN pastoralists
58-kite chain (8000–5500 BCE) along Harrat al-Sham — cross-border spine of kite province.
🇮🇪 Ireland · Earthwork
Cahercommaun Triple Ringfort
Early Medieval (8th–14th century CE) over Late Neolithic traces · Gaelic Early Medieval (Eoghanacht / Dalcassian)
Triple-walled Burren cashel on cliff spur above Carran — Early Medieval high-status ringfort with 13 house platforms.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Korgantas Tasmola Kurgan 1 — Karaganda Tasmola Type-Site
Early Iron Age (Early Saka, Tasmola culture, 8th–5th c BCE) · Tasmola (early Saka, Central Kazakhstan)
Tasmola royal dromos kurgan (760–520 BCE) 45 m — eponymous early Saka mound with 200 gold plaques.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Geoglyph
Bir al-Abd Desert Kites (North Sinai)
Late Neolithic (El-Maghara-related) · Sinai Neolithic coastal hunters
First documented North Sinai kites (45 m asl, 31°01′N 33°09′E) on Bardawil lagoon sabkha plain south of Bir al-Abd, bridging Sinai to Negev corridor.