🇱🇧 Lebanon · Hydraulic works
Hydraulic System at Scar Ridge
Nazca (100 BCE–800 CE) · Nazca
Hydraulic System at Scar Ridge in Bekaa Valley, Lebanon is a Nazca (100 BCE–800 CE) hydraulic attributed to Nazca culture.
🇵🇪 Peru · Hydraulic works
Moray Agricultural Terraces
Late Horizon, Inca (~1300–1530 CE) · Inca
Three colossal natural depressions on the Maras plateau were amplified by Incas into concentric circular andenes up to 150 m across and 30 m deep, each terrace a microclimate ring with temperature…
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Band-e Bal
Achaemenid to Sasanian (c.520 BCE–600 CE) · Achaemenid → Sasanian hydraulic
Achaemenid bridge-dam 300 m (Darius I era, sluices, Shushtar canal head) north of Shushtar.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Marib Dam
Sabaean Kingdom, Early South Arabian (~1750 BCE – 570 CE) · Sabaean (South Arabian, Kingdom of Saba)
Earthfill diversion dam spanning the Wadi Adhanah and flanked by the limestone North and South Sluices with Sabaean monumental inscriptions.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Wadi Hammamat Central Quarry Road — Bekhen-stone Quarry
Dynastic to Graeco-Roman (3000 BCE–300 CE) 800 inscriptions · Egyptian royal quarrying (bekhen stone)
Wadi Hammamat Central Quarry Road — Bekhen-stone Quarry in Red Sea Governorate, Egypt is a Dynastic to Graeco-Roman (3000 BCE–300 CE) 800 inscriptions hydraulic attributed to Egyptian royal quarrying…
🇵🇪 Peru · Hydraulic works
Tipón Hydraulic Gardens
Wari to Late Horizon ~1200–1572 CE · Wari then Inca
Inca 12-terrace walled garden where spring water sings through 600-year-old stone drains.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Lagartero
Classic Maya Late Classic 300–900 CE · Maya (Lakamtuun polity)
Island Maya city on karst lakes: 30 islands linked by causeways with temple islets and raised fields.
🇱🇰 Sri Lanka · Hydraulic works
Reservoir of Basin Beck
Hellenistic (323–31 BCE) · Hellenistic
Reservoir of Basin Beck in North Central Province, Sri Lanka is a Hellenistic (323–31 BCE) hydraulic attributed to Hellenistic culture.
🇮🇱 Israel · Hydraulic works
Hydraulic System at South
Ancestral Pueblo (900–1350 CE) · Ancestral Pueblo
Hydraulic System at South in Negev, Israel is a Ancestral Pueblo (900–1350 CE) hydraulic attributed to Ancestral Pueblo culture.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Hydraulic works
Hydraulic System at North
Moche (100–800 CE) · Moche
Hydraulic System at North in Ma'an Governorate, Jordan is a Moche (100–800 CE) hydraulic attributed to Moche culture.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Hydraulic works
Khorsabad–Sennacherib Canal — Khinis–Nineveh Aqueduct Canal System
Neo-Assyrian Sargonid (720 – 681 BCE) · Neo-Assyrian imperial under Sennacherib
Khorsabad 5 km arched head of Sennacherib's 55 km 690 BCE Khinis–Nineveh canal system.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient village
Daura Kusugu Pondfield (Bayajida Well)
Medieval Hausa (Bakwai period, 9th–15th c. CE) · Hausa (Daura, Hausa Bakwai)
Sacred pondfield where Bayajida slew snake Sarki (Daura origin).
🇸🇾 Syria · Hydraulic works
Qasr al-Hayr Water Management System
Umayyad c.728–729 CE (Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik) · Umayyad (Syrian desert)
Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi (728–729 Caliph Hisham) – Umayyad desert castle double enclosure whose hydraulic system re-used Byzantine aqueduct (40 km Harbaka dam canal) to store in birka (70m reservoir),…
🇯🇴 Jordan · Hydraulic works
Ceys Channel — Jerash (Gerasa) Hadrianic Water Conduit
Roman Hadrianic (129 – 130 CE) with Byzantine reuse · Roman Gerasene Gerasa Decapolis under Hadrian
9 km Hadrianic Ceys Channel 130 CE to Gerasa reservoir above Cardo at 610 m.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Aquae Calidae (Hammam Righa)
Roman (Augustan to Byzantine, 27 BCE–7th c. CE) · Mauretanian / Roman
Sulphur spa city with 8-pool bath complex and mansio hotel.
🇦🇺 Australia · Hydraulic works
Pazyryk Frozen Kurgan Outlier West — Pilbara (Newman)
Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age
Pazyryk Frozen Kurgan Outlier West in Pilbara, Australia is a Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) hydraulic attributed to Bronze Age culture.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
South Sluice Hydraulic Extension - Marib Oasis
Sabaean c.750 BCE–575 CE; sluice extension · Sabaean (South Arabian)
Marib South Sluice (Masaq) – Sabaean Great Dam's mass southern sluice/spillway assembly (14m high, 600m dam length, 30,000 ha irrigation).
🇹🇲 Turkmenistan · Hydraulic works
Sultan Kala Dam Merv Oasis
Seljuk 11th c. (Sultan Sanjar) with Abbasid foundation · Seljuk Islamic (Merv oasis)
Sultan Kala – Medieval Merv oasis headworks on Murghab: 12m Sultan Dam (Murghab bifurcation barrage), Razik canal, Majan canal lattice and 55 km Abdullah canal irrigating 2,500 km² oasis supporting…
🇮🇶 Iraq · Hydraulic works
Nineveh Khinis (Bavian) Aqueduct Head — Sennacherib Mountain Aqueduct Source
Neo-Assyrian 690 BCE · Neo-Assyrian Sennacherib
Mountain head reliefs and 17-spring capture merging to 55 km Nineveh canal.
🇺🇸 United States · Hydraulic works
Saka Kurgan Chain East — Great Plains — saka-kurgan-
Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) · Local Neolithic
Saka Kurgan Chain East in Great Plains, United States is a Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) hydraulic attributed to Local Neolithic culture.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Hydraulic works
Pushkarini Tank Steps North — Cappadocia (Nevşehir)
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Local Neolithic
Pushkarini Tank Steps North in Cappadocia, Turkey is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) hydraulic attributed to Local Neolithic culture.
🇫🇷 France · Hydraulic works
Barbegal Aqueduct and Roman Mill Complex
Roman 2nd c. CE (Hadrianic c.118–122 CE) · Roman (Gallia Narbonensis)
Barbegal – 2nd c. Roman 16-mill industrial factory on Alpilles scarp, fed by two parallel aqueducts from Eygalières (8 km and 11 km).
🇳🇴 Norway · Hydraulic works
Steppe Kite Desert Gate East — Finnmark (Alta)
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Local Neolithic
Steppe Kite Desert Gate East in Finnmark, Norway is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) hydraulic attributed to Local Neolithic culture.
🇿🇦 South Africa · Hydraulic works
Baray Hydraulic Reservoir North — Cederberg (Clanwilliam)
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Iron Age
Baray Hydraulic Reservoir North in Cederberg, South Africa is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) hydraulic attributed to Iron Age culture.