🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Xochicalco Archaeological Zone
Epiclassic 650–900 CE · Epiclassic central Mexican
Fortified hilltop Pyramid of Plumed Serpents, zenith cave, UNESCO 1999.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Gran Pajatén Archaeological Zone
Chachapoya 800–1532 CE · Chachapoya
Chachapoya cloud-forest citadel slate-mosaic friezes, UNESCO 548.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Bandurria Archaeological Site (Huacho)
Late Archaic 3550–2500 BCE · Norte Chico (Caral)
Caral network city 54 ha 3550–2500 BCE, 10 plazas.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
La Quemada Archaeological Zone
Classic–Epiclassic 350–900 CE · Northern Mesoamerican frontier
Northern hill fortress Salón de Columnas, 350–900 CE, Chicomóztoc candidate.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Ollape
Late Intermediate Period 1000–1470 CE, Chachapoya culture before Inca conquest · Chachapoyas (Sachapuyos)
UNESCO tentative Chachapoyas 13-site serial nomination component 02 Ollape: hilltop citadel 5 ha at La Jalca with 100+ circular houses (diameter 4–7 m) with friezes of rhombic and zigzag stone inlay,…
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Tzintzuntzan Archaeological Zone (Las Yácatas)
Late Postclassic 1350–1530 CE · Purépecha (Tarascan)
Five yácatas on 425 m platform, Tarascan capital 1350–1530 CE.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Pikillacta Archaeological Park (Huari)
Wari Middle Horizon 550–800 CE · Wari (Huari Empire)
50 ha Wari grid city 12 m walls 550–700 CE.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Vilcabamba — Espíritu Pampa (Last Capital of the Inca)
Wari → Inca → Neo-Inca 1200–1572 CE · Neo-Inca (Manco Inca)
Last Neo-Inca capital 1536–1572, 12 ha jungle city.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Achil Complex
Late Intermediate 1100–1470 CE Chachapoya · Chachapoyas
Remote fortified town on Achil ridge between Utcubamba and Huabayacu tributaries of Marañón: 60 circular houses, watchtower 8 m diameter on ridge apex, and 150 m defensive wall with parapet.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Kabah Archaeological Zone
Maya Late Classic 300–1000 CE · Maya (Puuc, Uxmal polity)
Palace of Masks 250 Chaac masks, 18 km sacbé 800–950 CE, UNESCO 1996.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Labná Archaeological Zone
Maya Late Classic 700–1000 CE · Maya (Puuc)
Labná Arch 3 m, 67-room Palace, Puuc 800–1000 CE.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Pueblo de los Muertos
Late Intermediate 1100–1470 CE Chachapoya cliff-house · Chachapoyas
Most dramatic Chachapoyas cliff village: 30 structures (houses and mausoleums) fused to vertical sandstone wall via timber beams slotted into cliff, accessed via rope ladders 200 m above cloud forest…
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Yalape South Annex
Late Intermediate Chachapoya 1100–1470 CE · Chachapoyas
Secondary terraced annex of Yalape fortress-city perched above Utcubamba 15 km south of Chachapoyas town: 40 circular houses with trapezoidal niches on terraces stepping down 60 m vertical, defensive…
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Yagul Archaeological Zone
Zapotec Postclassic 1250–1521 CE · Zapotec (Tlacolula valley)
Zapotec hill-fortress Palace Six Patios 1250–1400 CE, UNESCO 2010.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Calixtlahuaca Archaeological Zone
Late Postclassic 1116–1520 CE · Matlatzinca → Aztec
Round Temple of Ehécatl 27 m, Matlatzinca 1116–1476 CE.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Mayapán Archaeological Zone
Maya Postclassic 1220–1440 CE · Maya (Cocom–League)
Walled capital 9 km wall, 4000 structures, League 1220–1440 CE.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Sayil Archaeological Zone
Maya Late Classic 700–1000 CE · Maya (Puuc)
70 m Gran Palacio 90 rooms, Puuc 800–1000 CE.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Ancient city
Iskanwaya
Late Intermediate Mollo 1145–1425 CE, pre-Inca before Inca annexation · Mollo (Andean Late Intermediate, west Cordillera Real)
Mollo hilltop city on east slope Cordillera Real at 1672 m with 90 rectangular houses of pirca (rough stone) on 13 terraces, streets and plazas on slope, dry-stone walls 2 m high, first reported by…