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🇪🇹 Ethiopia · Rock art
Iron Age (regional) · Iron Age
Royal Axum Citadel Inner — Axum (57-48) at Axum, Ethiopia is a Iron Age (regional) rock art of the Iron Age tradition, built c. 800 CE for citadel and associated settlement.
🇿🇦 South Africa · Rock art
Later Stone Age to Colonial ~8000 BP–19th c. · San ( ancestral Bushman) and Khoe
Kimberley andesite engravings with 1,500 eland-rhino figures and living San custodianship.
🇹🇿 Tanzania · Rock art
Late Stone Age to recent (~3000 BCE – 19th century CE; most 1500 BCE onward) · Sandawe hunter-gatherer to Bantu pastoralist, later Warangi
Over 150 shelters scattered across the Kondoa escarpment display stratified painting traditions: early naturalistic eland and human figures with elongated heads (hunter-gatherer), later white…
🇦🇺 Australia · Rock art
Pleistocene to Historic ~50 ka–present · Australian Aboriginal (Ngarluma, Yindjibarndi, Yaburara)
Million-engraving petroglyph province on Pilbara gabbro archipelago, 50 kyr continuous record.
🇮🇳 India · Rock art
Neolithic to Iron Age (~6000 BCE – 1000 BCE; inscriptions to 1st century CE) · South Indian Neolithic to Iron Age; Sangam to Tamil-Brahmi
Natural cleft formed by a 4-m boulder bridging a rift in Ambukuthimala hill reveals Old Kannada petroglyphs: over 400 engravings of ibex-like 'Indus-style' jar, stickmen, Sun Plan wheels and a…
🇵🇹 Portugal · Rock art
Upper Paleolithic to Iron Age (~25,000 BCE – 1000 BCE; main 20,000–10,000 BCE) · Solutrean/Magdalenian to Atlantic Iron Age
Largest open-air Paleolithic art complex known, spread over 17 km of the Côa tributary with over 1,000 engraved schist panels bearing thousands of zoomorphs.
🇮🇹 Italy · Rock art
Hellenistic (323–31 BCE) · Hellenistic
Rock Art of Torr Workshop Midfield in Sicily, Italy is a Hellenistic (323–31 BCE) rock art attributed to Hellenistic culture.
🇱🇾 Libya · Rock art
Early Holocene to Garamantian (~12,000 BCE – 100 CE) · Saharan hunter-gatherer to Pastoral Neolithic (Kel Essuf, Round Head, Pastoral)
150-km sandstone plateau on the Algerian border preserves thousands of paintings and engravings in styles paralleling nearby Tassili n'Ajjer: giant Kel Essuf headless figures, Round Head masked…
🇦🇿 Azerbaijan · Rock art
Upper Paleolithic to Middle Ages (~14,000 BCE – 1300 CE) · Caspian hunter-gatherer to nomadic pastoralist
Semi-desert limestone plateau on the Caspian littoral with over 6,000 engravings distributed across Boyukdash, Kichikdash and Jingirdag mesas.
🇨🇳 China · Rock art
Neolithic to Medieval Chinese (Majiayao to Western Xia) · Northern Neolithic, Ordos Bronze, Xiongnu and Tangut
Ningxia southern Helan fringe cliffs with 1200 images Neolithic to Xixia, Ordos interface.
🇲🇱 Mali · Rock art
Early Historic (regional) · Early Historic
Inner Djenné-Jeno Fortress A — Djenné-Jeno (57-49) at Djenné-Jeno, Mali is a Early Historic (regional) rock art of the Early Historic tradition, built c. 800 CE for fortress and associated settlement.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Rock art
Early Historic (regional) · Early Historic
Southern Bayuda Terrace West — Bayuda (57-30) at Bayuda, Sudan is a Early Historic (regional) rock art of the Early Historic tradition, built c. 1800 BCE for terrace and associated settlement.
🇪🇹 Ethiopia · Rock art
Bronze Age (regional) · Bronze Age
Sacred Axum Mound North — Axum (57-45) at Axum, Ethiopia is a Bronze Age (regional) rock art of the Bronze Age tradition, built c. 2500 BCE for mound and associated settlement.
🇫🇷 France · Rock art
Gravettian ~28–25 ka BP · Gravettian
Sealed 1.6 km Gravettian engraved gallery with 4 m bison and bear nests intact since 25 ka.
🇮🇳 India · Rock art
Late Bronze Age (1550–1050 BCE) · Late Bronze Age
Rock Art of Stone Norton in Madhya Pradesh, India is a Late Bronze Age (1550–1050 BCE) rock art attributed to Late Bronze Age culture.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Rock art
Bronze Age to early nomadic (~2000 BCE – 1000 CE) · Andronovo, Karasuk, Saka and Turkic nomadic
Arid gorge in the Chu-Ili massif preserving five major groups with over 5,000 petroglyphs, famed for anthropomorphic sun-headed figures up to 80 cm tall with rayed haloes.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Rock art
Moche (100–800 CE) · Moche
Eastfield Sanctuary Rock Shelter in Chiapas, Mexico is a Moche (100–800 CE) rock art attributed to Moche culture.
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Rock art
Moche (100–800 CE) · Moche
Narrow Midfield Rock Shelter in Petén, Guatemala is a Moche (100–800 CE) rock art attributed to Moche culture.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Rock art
Hellenistic (323–31 BCE) · Hellenistic
Brown Petroglyph Field in Balochistan, Pakistan is a Hellenistic (323–31 BCE) rock art attributed to Hellenistic culture.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Rock art
Neolithic to Mongol Empire (6000 BCE – 1300 CE) · Neolithic Altai, Afanasievo, Chemurchek, Karasuk, Pazyryk, Xiongnu, Turkic, Mongol
Mongolian Altai UNESCO high valley 10,000 images 6 ka BCE–Mongol at 2850 m.
