🇪🇸 Spain · Rock art
Siega Verde Rock Art
Gravettian to Magdalenian ~20–11 ka BP · Upper Paleolithic Iberian
2 km open-air schist engravings paired with Côa Valley, 443 Paleolithic pecked figures.
🇮🇹 Italy · Rock art
Val Camonica Rock Art Dos Sotto Panel 44 — Southern Extension
Bronze-Iron Age (2000-500 BCE) · Camunian
Val Camonica Rock Art Dos Sotto Panel 44 — Southern Extension in Lombardy, Brescia, Italy is a Bronze-Iron Age (2000-500 BCE) rock art attributed to Camunian.
🇳🇴 Norway · Rock art
Alta Rock Art
Late Stone Age to Early Iron Age (~7000 BCE – 0 CE) · Finnmark hunter-gatherer/fisher to early Sami ancestors
Northern Europe's largest petroglyph field preserves some 6,000 carved figures along the Alta Fjord raised shorelines, tracking post-glacial rebound chronology.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Rock art
Wadi Rum Petroglyphs and Thamudic Inscriptions
Neolithic to Islamic (Thamudic–Nabataean–Islamic) · Neolithic pastoralists, Thamudic tribes, Nabataean caravan masters, early Arabs
Wadi Rum desert cliffs with 25,000 petroglyphs and Thamudic texts, UNESCO landscape.
🇹🇿 Tanzania · Rock art
Kondoa Rock Art Sites
Late Stone Age to recent (~3000 BCE – 19th century CE; most 1500 BCE onward) · Sandawe hunter-gatherer to Bantu pastoralist, later Warangi
Over 150 shelters scattered across the Kondoa escarpment display stratified painting traditions: early naturalistic eland and human figures with elongated heads (hunter-gatherer), later white…
🇦🇺 Australia · Rock art
Murujuga (Burrup Peninsula) Rock Art
Pleistocene to Historic ~50 ka–present · Australian Aboriginal (Ngarluma, Yindjibarndi, Yaburara)
Million-engraving petroglyph province on Pilbara gabbro archipelago, 50 kyr continuous record.
🇵🇹 Portugal · Rock art
Côa Valley Rock Art
Upper Paleolithic to Iron Age (~25,000 BCE – 1000 BCE; main 20,000–10,000 BCE) · Solutrean/Magdalenian to Atlantic Iron Age
Largest open-air Paleolithic art complex known, spread over 17 km of the Côa tributary with over 1,000 engraved schist panels bearing thousands of zoomorphs.
🇮🇹 Italy · Rock art
Rock Art of Torr Workshop Midfield
Hellenistic (323–31 BCE) · Hellenistic
Rock Art of Torr Workshop Midfield in Sicily, Italy is a Hellenistic (323–31 BCE) rock art attributed to Hellenistic culture.
🇱🇾 Libya · Rock art
Tadrart Acacus Rock Art
Early Holocene to Garamantian (~12,000 BCE – 100 CE) · Saharan hunter-gatherer to Pastoral Neolithic (Kel Essuf, Round Head, Pastoral)
150-km sandstone plateau on the Algerian border preserves thousands of paintings and engravings in styles paralleling nearby Tassili n'Ajjer: giant Kel Essuf headless figures, Round Head masked…
🇦🇿 Azerbaijan · Rock art
Gobustan Rock Art Cultural Landscape
Upper Paleolithic to Middle Ages (~14,000 BCE – 1300 CE) · Caspian hunter-gatherer to nomadic pastoralist
Semi-desert limestone plateau on the Caspian littoral with over 6,000 engravings distributed across Boyukdash, Kichikdash and Jingirdag mesas.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Rock art
Tamgaly Petroglyphs
Bronze Age to early nomadic (~2000 BCE – 1000 CE) · Andronovo, Karasuk, Saka and Turkic nomadic
Arid gorge in the Chu-Ili massif preserving five major groups with over 5,000 petroglyphs, famed for anthropomorphic sun-headed figures up to 80 cm tall with rayed haloes.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Rock art
Eastfield Sanctuary Rock Shelter
Moche (100–800 CE) · Moche
Eastfield Sanctuary Rock Shelter in Chiapas, Mexico is a Moche (100–800 CE) rock art attributed to Moche culture.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Rock art
Tsagaan Salaa — White Pass Rock Paintings
Neolithic to Mongol Empire (6000 BCE – 1300 CE) · Neolithic Altai, Afanasievo, Chemurchek, Karasuk, Pazyryk, Xiongnu, Turkic, Mongol
Mongolian Altai UNESCO high valley 10,000 images 6 ka BCE–Mongol at 2850 m.