🇳🇪 Niger · Rock art
Dabous Giraffe Petroglyphs
Early Holocene Bubalus Period (8000–5000 BCE) · Early Holocene Saharan hunter-pastoralists (Bubalus tradition)
Aïr life-size 5.8-m giraffes with leashes 8000–5000 BCE, largest Saharan engravings.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Rock art
Bayan-Zurkh Mountain Petroglyphs
Bronze Age to Early Modern (Karasuk to Manchu period) · Karasuk, Xiongnu, Xianbei, Turkic and Mongol Buddhist
Sacred mountain ridge northeast of Ulaanbaatar with 600 panels Bronze Age to Buddhist.
🇨🇳 China · Rock art
Yinshan Central Dahekou Ridge Rock Art
Late Bronze to Turkic Early Medieval · Northern Ordos, Xiongnu, Xianbei
Central ridge above Dahekou gorge bridging Yinshan naturalism and Helan mask styles.
🇸🇪 Sweden · Megalith
Tanum Rock Carvings (Hällristningar Tanum)
Bronze Age · Nordic Bronze Age (Bohuslän rock art tradition)
UNESCO Bohuslän rock art — 600 panels / 2500 pecked figures (ships, sun, ploughs) on granite, 1700–500 BCE.
🇿🇼 Zimbabwe · Rock art
Royal Great Zimbabwe Enclosure South — Great Zimbabwe (57-09)
Early Historic (regional) · Early Historic
Royal Great Zimbabwe Enclosure South — Great Zimbabwe (57-09) at Great Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe is a Early Historic (regional) rock art of the Early Historic tradition, built c.
🇿🇼 Zimbabwe · Rock art
Central Great Zimbabwe Village South — Great Zimbabwe (57-12)
Chalcolithic (regional) · Chalcolithic
Central Great Zimbabwe Village South — Great Zimbabwe (57-12) at Great Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe is a Chalcolithic (regional) rock art of the Chalcolithic tradition, built c.
🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan · Rock art
Saimaluu-Tash West Ashu Pass Petroglyphs
Saka to Turkic Medieval · Saka, Wusun, Turkic
Western cirque shelf of Saimaluu-Tash at Ashu Pass, a glacial hanging valley 2 km west of Saimaluu-Tash I main valley floor at 3420 m.
🇳🇴 Norway · Rock art
Alta Rock Art
Late Stone Age to Early Iron Age (~7000 BCE – 0 CE) · Finnmark hunter-gatherer/fisher to early Sami ancestors
Northern Europe's largest petroglyph field preserves some 6,000 carved figures along the Alta Fjord raised shorelines, tracking post-glacial rebound chronology.
🇪🇸 Spain · Rock art
Siega Verde Rock Art
Gravettian to Magdalenian ~20–11 ka BP · Upper Paleolithic Iberian
2 km open-air schist engravings paired with Côa Valley, 443 Paleolithic pecked figures.
🇹🇭 Thailand · Rock art
Ard Bury Rock Shelter
Chalcolithic (4500–3300 BCE) · Chalcolithic
Ard Bury Rock Shelter in Buriram Province, Thailand is a Chalcolithic (4500–3300 BCE) rock art attributed to Chalcolithic culture.
🇵🇪 Peru · Rock art
Toro Muerto Petroglyphs
Middle Horizon to Late Intermediate ~900–1450 CE · Wari to Collagua / Inca fringe
5,000-boulder petroglyph desert - world's densest - Wari-Collagua dancers over 10 km².
🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan · Rock art
Saimaluu Tash Petroglyphs
Bronze Age to Turkic (~2000 BCE – 800 CE) · Andronovo, Saka, Turkic nomadic
Elevated 3,200-m boulder field on the Ferghana ridge preserving perhaps 107,000 images on 10,000 varnished basalt boulders, making it among the most numerous rock-art locales on earth.
🇳🇦 Namibia · Rock art
Twyfelfontein Rock Engravings
Late Stone Age to early pastoral (6000 BCE – 1000 CE) · San hunter-gatherer (Ju/'hoansi ancestors)
Namibia's sole UNESCO World Heritage site besides Brandberg, Twyfelfontein holds over 2,500 engravings pecked into a 600-m sandstone outcrop of Etjo formation.
🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan · Rock art
Saimaluu-Tash West Lake Shelf Petroglyphs
Saka to Qarakhanid · Saka, Wusun, Qarakhanid
Lake-margin boulder bar at the tarn below Saimaluu-Tash West cirque, a 400-m shoreline shelf with 180 panels on glacially-rafted quartzite.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Rock art
Jebel Qurma Safaitic Rock Art — Black Desert
Hellenistic to Early Islamic (Safaitic literacy 100 BCE–400 CE) · Nomadic Safaitic pastoralists (North Arabian Old Arabic literate nomads)
Harra Black Desert 4500 Safaitic basalt camel–kite petroglyphs 200 BCE–800 CE, Leiden Jebel Qurma project.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock art
El-Hosh Rock Inscriptions — Wadi el-Hosh
Epipaleolithic to Predynastic (Naqada I–II, Dynasty 0) · Naqada culture (Upper Egyptian elite) with Eastern Desert Nubian pastoral contact
Wadi el-Hosh 550 Naqada 4000–3000 BCE boats–falcon serekh to smiting, predecessor to Narmer, Huyge 1998.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Rock art
Sarmishsay Gorge Petroglyphs
Neolithic to Iron Age (Kelteminar to Yaz-I) · Kelteminar, Zamanbaba, Andronovo and Bactria-Margiana pastoralists
Karatau gorge with 10,000 petroglyphs 5000–1000 BCE, Uzbekistan's largest rock-art ensemble.
🇯🇵 Japan · Rock art
Fugoppe Cave Petroglyphs
Jomon (Final to Zoku-Jomon) · Zoku-Jomon maritime hunter-gatherers of western Hokkaido
Hokkaido shore tuff cave with 800 winged-human and boat incisions 300 BCE–500 CE, Jomon rock art.
🇨🇳 China · Rock art
Helan Mountains Suyukou South Rock Art
Early Bronze to Yuan · Qiang, Xiongnu, Xianbei, Mongol (Helan corridor pastoralists)
South Suyukou gully 4 km south of Helankou with 600 shamanic mask petroglyphs.
🇨🇳 China · Rock art
Kangjiashimenzi Petroglyphs
Bronze Age to Early Iron Age (2000–500 BCE) · Andronovo-related Chemurchek, early nomadic Saka/Xiongnu
Northern Tianshan schist cliff 120-m with masked shaman fertility dance 1000 BCE.
🇺🇸 United States · Rock art
Sego Canyon Rock Art Galleries
Archaic to Historic (4000 BCE – 19th c.) · Archaic Desert (BCS), Fremont, Numic Ute
Book Cliffs triple-gallery BCS ghosts, Fremont and Ute horses in one wash.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Rock art
Wadi Rum Petroglyphs and Thamudic Inscriptions
Neolithic to Islamic (Thamudic–Nabataean–Islamic) · Neolithic pastoralists, Thamudic tribes, Nabataean caravan masters, early Arabs
Wadi Rum desert cliffs with 25,000 petroglyphs and Thamudic texts, UNESCO landscape.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Rock art
Areni-1 Upper Gallery Petroglyphs
Late Chalcolithic to Early Bronze I · Late Chalcolithic Syunik-Areni, Kura-Araxes early
Upper chamber 12 m above Areni-1 winery cave with Chalcolithic lattice petroglyphs.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Rock art
Tamgaly II South Terrace Petroglyphs
Bronze Age to Early Nomadic · Andronovo-Fedorovo, Saka, Turkic
South terrace 600 m south of Tamgaly UNESCO core with Late Bronze chariot stratigraphy.