🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Elaiussa Sebaste
Hellenistic to Byzantine (c.200 BCE–700 CE) · Cappadocian royal → Roman client kingdom
Augustan island-promontory city at Ayaş with hillside theatre, harbour islet and Achilles agora mosaics.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Delos–Rheneia Causeway – Cycladic Sacred Harbour Dromus
Classical to Hellenistic (426 BCE – 88 BCE Sulla/Mithridates sack) · Athenian / Cycladic Delian League
Sacred processional causeway 250 m linking Apollo's Delos to Rheneia necropolis — basalt slabs now –1 to –3 m on channel reef.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Sinope (Sinop) – Milesian Harbour Mills of the Black Sea
Archaic Greek to Ottoman (630 BCE – 1922 CE) · Milesian Greek / Paphlagonian / Mithridatic
630 BCE Milesian double harbour on isthmus — north 160 m and south 240 m moles subsided –1 to –4 m on both harbour sides.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Aitheia – Submerged Classical Harbour of Messene
Classical to Hellenistic (369 BCE – 2nd c. BCE) · Theban / Messenian Greek
Epaminondas' 369 BCE war harbour for liberated Messene — ashlar moles 260 m now lagoon reef –1 to –4 m in Voidokilia Bay.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Gorgippia — Submerged Harbour Quarter (Anapa Bay)
Classical to Roman (c.400 BCE – 240 CE) · Sindian Greek / Bosporan
Sindian port turned Bosporan city under Anapa — 40 ha grid with harbour quarter 1–2.5 m submerged off beach, museum in city centre.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Nymphaion — Submerged Lower Terrace and Harbour (Eltegen, Crimea)
Archaic to Byzantine (c.580 BCE – 300 CE) · Greek / Bosporan
Bosporan grain port at Eltegen cape — lower harbour terrace 1–4 m submerged 200 m offshore in Kerch Strait.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Pitane Harbour – Aeolian Harbour at Çandarlı
Archaic to Genoese (c. 700 BCE – 1300 CE) · Aeolian Greek / Genoese
Aeolian shipyard harbour – 90 m quay at –1 m at Çandarlı.
🇬🇪 Georgia · Submerged site
Phasis – Colchian Capital Port at Poti
Colchian Iron Age to Byzantine (6th c. BCE – 6th c. CE) · Colchian / Milesian Greek
Royal Colchian Aeëtes' capital — ashlar quay –2 to –5 m under modern Poti port fill at Rioni mouth.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Submerged site
Ruspina – Caesarian Harbour of Monastir
Punic to Late Antique (6th c. BCE – 6th c. CE) · Punic / Caesarian Roman
Caesar's 46 BCE supply port opposite Thapsus — Punic mole slabs now under Monastir fishing lagoon at –1 to –2 m.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Heraclea Pontica – Megarian Mole of Karadeniz Ereğli
Archaic Greek to Byzantine (560 BCE – 1453 CE) · Megarian Greek / Heraclean tyranny / Mithridatic
560 BCE Megarian tyrant harbour — 220 m ashlar mole now –1 to –4 m under Ereğli coal pier off Acheron cave.
🇱🇧 Lebanon · Ancient city
Sarepta (Sarafand)
Bronze – Crusader (peak Phoenician 1200–333 BCE) · Phoenician (Canaanite)
Only excavated Phoenician heartland city (2000 BCE–333 BCE) — pottery, glass and Tanit shrine.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Leptis Minor
Phoenicio-Punic to Byzantine (8th c. BCE–7th c. CE; peak 2nd c. BCE–4th c. CE) · Phoenician / Punic / Roman / Byzantine
Leptis Minor (Leptiminus, modern Lamta) was Byzacena's other Leptis, Phoenician 8th c. BCE foundation distinct from Libyan Leptis Magna.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient port
Wadi al-Jarf
Old Kingdom 4th Dynasty (c. 2620–2500 BCE) · Ancient Egyptian (Old Kingdom)
Wadi al-Jarf on the Gulf of Suez is the world's oldest harbour, 4th Dynasty c. 2600 BCE, Khufu's Red Sea port for Sinai copper and turquoise expeditions.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Hippo Diarrhytus (Bizerte)
Phoenician to Late Antique (8th c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Phoenician / Numidian / Roman
Phoenician-Roman port under modern Bizerte with lagoon quay.
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Heloros – Submerged Quay of Southeast Sicily
Archaic Greek to Late Antique (700 BCE – 5th c. CE) · Syracusan Greek / Sicilian Sicel
700 BCE Syracusan colony at Vendicari lagoon — quay slabs and fish tanks half in sea at –0.5 to –3 m behind 3.5 km walls.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Knidos Apollo Temple — Datça Peninsula Karne Island Sanctuary
Archaic Dorian to Hellenistic (600 BCE – 100 BCE) · Dorian Knidians with Triopian league
Apollo Karneios doric 6×11 on double-harbour terrace of Triopian Dorian expansion city.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Kouass
Phoenicio-Punic to Roman (6th c. BCE–3rd c. CE) · Phoenician / Mauretanian / Roman
Kouass (near Asilah) is a Phoenician–Mauretanian port and factory on Atlantic estuary, 6th c. BCE–3rd c. CE, with 5th-c.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Rusuccuru
Phoenicio-Punic to Medieval (5th c. BCE–16th c. CE; Roman peak 1st–4th c. CE) · Phoenician / Punic / Roman / Byzantine
Rusuccuru (modern Dellys) is a Phoenician–Roman port on Algeria's Kabyle coast, founded 5th c. BCE as Carthaginian fish-salting station.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Iasos Agora Temple — Kıyıköy Fishing Harbour Sanctuary
Archaic to Roman (700 BCE – 400 CE) · Karian–Ionian Iasians with Athenian attachment
Harbour hill temple atop agora overlooking double harbours and garum vats.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Tacapae (Gabes Oasis Port)
Punic to Islamic (6th c. BCE–11th c. CE) · Punic / Roman (Tripolitana)
Oasis harbour at Wadi Gabes mouth with palm-grove cothon.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient port
Siga Outer Harbour (Takembrit Offshore)
Numidian to Late Antique (3rd c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Numidian (Masaesyli) / Roman (Mauretania)
Syphax's harbour with 200 m submerged rubble mole and purple middens.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient port
Paraetonium East Creek (Marsa Matruh Lagoon Annex)
Ptolemaic to Byzantine (3rd c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Ptolemaic / Roman
Lagoon annex east of Paraetonium with fish weir and warehouse strip.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Chandraketugarh
Early Historic 400 BCE–12th c · Gangetic NBPW → Sunga–Satavahana → Gupta–Pala
Chandraketugarh — Early Historic port-city of Gangaridai (400 BCE–12th c CE) on Bidyadhari 35 km NE Kolkata, excavated 1957–68 Asok Datta. Ptolemy's Gange candidate, Wari western partner.
🇱🇾 Libya · Quarry
Antipyrgos West Quarry (Tobruk West)
Greek to Byzantine (5th c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Greek / Roman (Cyrenaica–Marmarica)
Mesa quarry for Tobruk harbour works with slip road cart ruts.