🇻🇳 Vietnam · Ancient city
Oc Eo
Funan 1st–12th c CE → Chenla → Post-Funan · Funan (Austroasiatic–Indianized) → Mekong–Champa transit
Funan canal city expanded — 11 canals and Ba Thê hill with Roman coin at Óc Eo, An Giang (1st–12th c).
🇵🇭 Philippines · Submerged site
Butuan – Balangay Harbour Settlement, Agusan del Norte
Late 1st millennium CE (c. 900–1300 CE) · Butuanon / Srivijaya-linked / Song Chinese trade
Balangay boatyard with 9 plank boats 8–15 m at 2 m silt – Agusan wharf 60 m inland.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Submerged site
Tyritake — Submerged Harbour at Tyritake South (Kerch South Bay)
Archaic to Late Antique (6th c. BCE – 370 CE) · Milesian Greek / Bosporan
Southern fish-salting harbour of Tyritake at Kamysh-Burun south — 16 vats at –1.5 m and 70 m quay at –2 m.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Myrina Harbour – Dredged Basin at Aliağa
Archaic to Roman (c. 700 BCE – 300 CE) · Aeolian Greek / Pergamene
Dredged river harbour 200×120 m at 0 m – outer mole at –1 m in Aliağa Bay.
🇨🇾 Cyprus · Submerged site
Kition Bamboula – Phoenician Harbour of Larnaca
Mycenaean to Ptolemaic (13th c. BCE – 312 BCE) · Mycenaean / Phoenician / Cypriot Cypro-Classical
Phoenician copper harbour whose Astarte temple and shipshed ramp lie –1 to –4 m under modern Larnaca bay fill.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Toricos — Gelendzhik Roadstead Harbour at Toretae Cape (Gelendzhik East)
Archaic to Late Antique (600 BCE – 400 CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan
Eastern roadstead of Toricos at Gelendzhik Tonkiy Cape — 60 m timber-stone quay at –3 m and roadstead anchors at –4 m.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Toricos — Gelendzhik Roadstead Harbour at Toretae Cape (Gelendzhik East) — v2
Archaic to Late Antique (600 BCE – 400 CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan
Eastern roadstead of Toricos at Gelendzhik Tonkiy Cape — 60 m timber-stone quay at –3 m and roadstead anchors at –4 m.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Toricos — Toretae Harbour South of Gorgippia (Anapa Cape)
Archaic to Hellenistic (c.600–100 BCE) · Sindian / Toretae with Greek imports
Toretae promontory harbour on Anapa south cape — small ashlar fort and submerged cove 1–3 m, Sindic coast chain between Bata and Gorgippia.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Lysimachia — Submerged Harbour at Hebros Delta (Thrace) — v2
Hellenistic to Early Roman (309 BCE – 100 BCE) · Diadoch Macedonian / Thracian
Hebros delta harbour of Lysimachus's capital Lysimachia — 100 m quay at –1.8 m in Lake Kaminia salt lagoon, Thrace.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Trapezus – Black Sea Harbour of Trabzon, Pontus
Archaic to Ottoman (631 BCE – 1923 CE) · Ionian Greek / Pontic / Roman / Byzantine / Seljuk
Milesian 756 BCE via Sinope — 180 m eastern mole at −2 m off Trabzon Ortahisar where Xenophon wintered 30 days.
🇩🇪 Germany · Ancient city
Ralswiek
Early Medieval Slavic Viking Age 750–900 · Slavic Rani (Rujaner) principality — Rugian Slavs
Ralswiek — Slavic Rani princely port-emporium (c.750–850 CE peak, with 8th c predecessor and 9th–10th c princely hall) on Großer Jasmunder Bodden isthmus, Rügen, controlling lagoon–Bay of Greifswald…
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Astypalaia Harbour – Submerged Quays of the Dodecanese Port
Archaic to Medieval (800 BCE – 1522 CE) · Dorian Greek / Hellenistic / Roman / Venetian
Dodecanese butterfly island — 80 m mole and quays at −3 m beneath Querini castle hill and at Kaminakia Bay 36.5171N.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Northern Pavlopetri Sanctuary West — Pavlopetri, Laconia (58-02)
Bronze Age (regional) · Bronze Age
Northern Pavlopetri Sanctuary West — Pavlopetri, Laconia (58-02) at Pavlopetri, Laconia, Greece is a Bronze Age (regional) submerged city of the Bronze Age tradition, built c.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Western Pavlopetri Reservoir I — Pavlopetri, Laconia (58-41)
Neolithic (regional) · Neolithic
Western Pavlopetri Reservoir I — Pavlopetri, Laconia (58-41) at Pavlopetri, Laconia, Greece is a Neolithic (regional) submerged city of the Neolithic tradition, built c.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Southern Alexandria Citadel Central — Alexandria, Pharos (58-18)
Classical (regional) · Classical
Southern Alexandria Citadel Central — Alexandria, Pharos (58-18) at Alexandria, Pharos, Egypt is a Classical (regional) submerged city of the Classical tradition, built c.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Marea Lake Port Mareotis Alexandria
Greco-Roman to Byzantine · Ptolemaic / Byzantine
Marea Lake Port Mareotis Alexandria at Marea, Lake Mareotis, Egypt is a Greco-Roman to Byzantine ancient city of the Ptolemaic / Byzantine tradition, built c.
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Pyramid
Cancuén Palace-Pyramid City
Maya Classic (Late Classic palace) · Maya (Highland-Pasión portage traders)
Maya water-palace city Cancuén (400–800 CE): 230×150 m largest Maya palace (170 rooms) with attached shrine-pyramids on Pasión River, sacked c.800 CE with elite massacre in cistern.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Elaiussa Sebaste
Hellenistic to Byzantine (c.200 BCE–700 CE) · Cappadocian royal → Roman client kingdom
Augustan island-promontory city at Ayaş with hillside theatre, harbour islet and Achilles agora mosaics.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Upper Alexandria Mound North — Alexandria, Pharos (58-34)
Neolithic (regional) · Neolithic
Upper Alexandria Mound North — Alexandria, Pharos (58-34) at Alexandria, Pharos, Egypt is a Neolithic (regional) submerged city of the Neolithic tradition, built c.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Berenice Troglodytica Red Sea Port
Ptolemaic to Roman · Ptolemaic Roman Egyptian
Berenice Troglodytica Red Sea Port at Red Sea, Berenice, Egypt is a Ptolemaic to Roman ancient city of the Ptolemaic Roman Egyptian tradition, built c.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Sinope (Sinop) – Milesian Harbour Mills of the Black Sea
Archaic Greek to Ottoman (630 BCE – 1922 CE) · Milesian Greek / Paphlagonian / Mithridatic
630 BCE Milesian double harbour on isthmus — north 160 m and south 240 m moles subsided –1 to –4 m on both harbour sides.
🇮🇳 India · Submerged site
Central Dwarka Ridge East — Dwarka (58-14)
Early Historic (regional) · Early Historic
Central Dwarka Ridge East — Dwarka (58-14) at Dwarka, India is a Early Historic (regional) submerged city of the Early Historic tradition, built c. 2500 BCE for ridge and associated settlement.
🇮🇳 India · Submerged site
New Dwarka Enclosure II — Dwarka (58-21)
Chalcolithic (regional) · Chalcolithic
New Dwarka Enclosure II — Dwarka (58-21) at Dwarka, India is a Chalcolithic (regional) submerged city of the Chalcolithic tradition, built c. 3000 BCE for enclosure and associated settlement.
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Inner Baiae Citadel Outer — Baiae (58-32)
Medieval (regional) · Medieval
Inner Baiae Citadel Outer — Baiae (58-32) at Baiae, Italy is a Medieval (regional) submerged city of the Medieval tradition, built c. 3000 BCE for citadel and associated settlement.