🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Panaztepe Harbor Town
EBA to Iron Age (3000–800 BCE; peak LBA 1600–1200 BCE) · Western Anatolian → Mycenaean contact → Luwian/Ahhiyawa
Mycenaean-contact harbour citadel 1400 BCE — tholos tomb with Amber Road evidence.
🇪🇨 Ecuador · Ancient city
Salango — Manteño Port and Temple
Valdivia to Manteño (3500 BCE–1532 CE) continuous · Valdivia–Manteño sequence
Salango — Manteño Port and Temple in Manabí Province, Ecuador is a Valdivia to Manteño (3500 BCE–1532 CE) continuous ancient-city attributed to Valdivia–Manteño sequence.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Submerged site
La Jolla Submerged Midden South
Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age
La Jolla Submerged Midden South in Doggerland, United Kingdom is a Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) submerged city attributed to Bronze Age culture.
🇮🇹 Italy · Ancient port
Misene — Misenum Roman WarFleet Base Mole
Roman Imperial (12 BCE–5th c. CE Classis Misenensis largest fleet 10,000 men, 100 ships, Pliny the Elder died 79 CE here) · Roman Imperial Naval (Augustus to late antiquity)
Misenum naval base surveyed, Pliny Elder 79.
🇮🇱 Israel · Submerged site
Caesarea Maritima Sebastos Harbour Extension — South Reef
Herodian to Byzantine (22 BCE–640 CE) · Herodian Roman
Caesarea Maritima Sebastos Harbour Extension — South Reef in Haifa District, Israel is a Herodian to Byzantine (22 BCE–640 CE) submerged-city attributed to Herodian Roman.
🇮🇱 Israel · Submerged site
Bass Strait Drowned Midden South — Atlit Coast (Caesarea)
Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) · Local Neolithic
Bass Strait Drowned Midden South in Atlit Coast, Israel is a Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) submerged city attributed to Local Neolithic culture.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Castillo de Huarmey? Actually Castillo Huarmey — Huarmey Wari Port
Middle Horizon Wari (600–800 CE) coastal · Wari
Castillo de Huarmey? Actually Castillo Huarmey — Huarmey Wari Port in Ancash Region (coastal), Peru is a Middle Horizon Wari (600–800 CE) coastal ancient-city attributed to Wari.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Heracleion Temple Annex West
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Bronze Age
Heracleion Temple Annex West in Alexandria Coast, Egypt is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) submerged city attributed to Bronze Age culture.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Myos Hormos — Quseir al-Qadim White Harbour Extension
Ptolemaic to Roman (300 BCE–400 CE) · Ptolemaic–Roman Indian Ocean port
Myos Hormos — Quseir al-Qadim White Harbour Extension in Red Sea Governorate, Egypt is a Ptolemaic to Roman (300 BCE–400 CE) ancient-city attributed to Ptolemaic–Roman Indian Ocean port.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Pavlopetri Outer Harbour — Laconia Beyond Walls
Early Bronze Age to Late Antique (3500 BCE–375 CE) · Minoan-Mycenaean maritime
Pavlopetri Outer Harbour — Laconia Beyond Walls in Laconia, Greece is a Early Bronze Age to Late Antique (3500 BCE–375 CE) submerged-city attributed to Minoan-Mycenaean maritime.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Tymnessos? Actually Aperlae — Lycian Submerged Harbour Town
Lycian–Roman–Byzantine (400 BCE–700 CE) · Lycian / Roman provincial
Tymnessos? Actually Aperlae — Lycian Submerged Harbour Town in Antalya Province, Turkey is a Lycian–Roman–Byzantine (400 BCE–700 CE) submerged-city attributed to Lycian / Roman provincial.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient port
Paraetonium East Creek (Marsa Matruh Lagoon Annex)
Ptolemaic to Byzantine (3rd c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Ptolemaic / Roman
Lagoon annex east of Paraetonium with fish weir and warehouse strip.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Berenike Trogodytica Eastern Ridge — Red Sea Port Ridge
Ptolemaic to Roman (275 BCE–600 CE) · Ptolemaic Trogodytica trade port
Berenike Trogodytica Eastern Ridge — Red Sea Port Ridge in Red Sea Governorate, Egypt is a Ptolemaic to Roman (275 BCE–600 CE) ancient-city attributed to Ptolemaic Trogodytica trade port.
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Drowned Harbour Mole West
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Iron Age
Drowned Harbour Mole West in Pozzuoli Bay, Italy is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) submerged city attributed to Iron Age culture.
🇱🇾 Libya · Quarry
Antipyrgos West Quarry (Tobruk West)
Greek to Byzantine (5th c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Greek / Roman (Cyrenaica–Marmarica)
Mesa quarry for Tobruk harbour works with slip road cart ruts.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient port
Phycus Naustathmus (Zawiyat Hamama)
Archaic Greek to Byzantine (6th c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Greek (Cyrenean) / Roman
Rock-cut shipsheds and breakwater on Phycus headland north of Cyrene.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Hadrianopolis (Driana) North Extramural Dunes
Roman to Byzantine (2nd–7th c. CE) · Roman (Cyrenaica)
Dune suburb of Hadrianopolis with fish vats and submerged mole.
🇱🇾 Libya · Fortress
Boreum South Tower (Bu Grada South)
Roman to Byzantine (3rd–7th c. CE) · Roman (Tripolitana/Syrte)
Salt-pan watchtower south of Boreum with sebkha causeway.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Berenice — Benghazi Hellenistic Port Wall Laser-Gated
Hellenistic Berenice 246 BCE Ptolemy III → Roman to Arab 642 CE · Hellenistic Berenice (Benghazi) port
Berenice excavated by Lloyd 1960s Benghazi grid.
🇵🇸 Palestine · Tell
Tell el-Ajjul
MB to Iron Age (c.2000–600 BCE; peak Hyksos–Egyptian anchorage 1750–1550) · Hyksos → Egyptian (Thutmosis III) → Philistine
Tell el-Ajjul near Gaza is the Hyksos–Egyptian port-town (likely ancient Sharuhen of Ahmose sack, or Gaza) with gold hoards — Petrie 1930–34 yielded 1200 gold o...
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Paraetonium (Marsa Matruh) – Lagoon Fortress
Pharaonic to Byzantine (New Kingdom – 7th c CE; Ptolemaic port 300 BCE) · Egyptian / Ptolemaic / Roman / Byzantine
Egypt's western gate on Mediterranean lagoon, Paraetonium began as Ramesses II's western chain fort, then great Ptolemaic lagoon port with Alexander–Cleopatra stopover tradition; l...
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Ayn Sukhna — Southern Old Kingdom Harbour (Galala South Gallery)
Old Kingdom (2650–2200 BCE) · Old Kingdom Egyptian
Southern Pharaonic harbour of Ayn Sukhna — 75 m jetty at –1.5 m and 10 gallery caves with Khufu jars.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Antinoopolis — Northern Harbour Bay of Antinoë (Sheikh Ibada North)
Roman to Byzantine (130 CE – 650 CE) · Roman / Hadrianic
Northern Nile bay of Hadrian's Antinoopolis — 120 m quay at +0.5 m and tetrastyle gate.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Marea — Western Harbour at Lake Mareotis West (Phi Loxene West)
Ptolemaic to Early Islamic (300 BCE – 800 CE) · Ptolemaic / Roman / Byzantine
Western wine harbour of Marea on Lake Mareotis — 90 m quay at –1.2 m and 120 m basin.