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🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Period Late Holocene · Regional culture Misc-Hydraulic
Mural Hall Misc 53 — Egypt Region 5 in Egypt Region 5, Egypt is a Neolithic hydraulic with stratified deposits and regional significance. Excavations reveal architectural phasing.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient port
Old Kingdom 4th Dynasty (2620–2500 BCE, Sneferu–Khufu) · Old Kingdom Egyptian
Southern annex of the world's oldest harbour (Khufu) with 8 rock-cut galleries storing mortised cedar boats and 150 anchors, plus Merer papyrus dump. South mole stub now -1 m.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Middle Kingdom Amenemhat III (1855–1808 BCE) + Labyrinth temple Herodotus description · 12th Dynasty (Hawara)
Hawara excavated by Petrie 1888–89, Labyrinth lost Herodotus-Strabonic description, quartzite chamber with 110 t lid lowered on sand.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Cemetery
Final Neolithic (6000–4300 BCE El Nabta / Al Jerar) · Nabta pastoral Neolithic (Gebel Ramlah phase)
Ramlah excavated by Polish Combined Prehistoric Expedition 2009–, 5500 BCE jewels including 3000 beads per burial.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
5th Dyna Unas? Lepsius XXIX; now identified as Menkauhor local 2390 BCE? · Old Kingdom 5th Dynasty possibly Menkauhor Kaiu
Headless Pyramid excavated by Hawass 2008, Menkauhor identification, substructure with portcullis.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Middle Kingdom Senusret II (1897–1878 BCE 12th Dynasty) · Middle Kingdom 12th Dynasty (Illahun)
El Lahun excavated by Petrie 1889–90, Kahun town papyri and Senusret II quartzite sarcophagus.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Ptolemaic (297–246 BCE Pharos 137 m; Royal Quarters Ptolemy I 323 BCE Antirhodos islet 300 × 70 m) + 1303/365 earthquake subsidence 8th c. · Ptolemaic Alexandria (Lochias, Antirhodos) with Pharos lighthouse debris 500 blocks
Alexandria submerged Empereur 1994 Qaitbay Pharos and Goddio 1996 Antirhodos palace island.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Early 4th Dynasty Sneferu (c.2620 BCE) Seila phase · Old Kingdom Sneferu
Seila excavated by Petrie and Swelim, Sneferu 4th Dynasty provincial 7 pyramids chain.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
13th Dynasty (c.1760 BCE Khendjer) · 13th Dynasty late Middle Kingdom
Khendjer excavated by Jequier 1929, twin quartzite-roofed vault, fragment 'kanopen?'
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Saite to Roman (550 BCE–50 BCE Thonis = Heracleion Greek; 8th c. BCE Canopic temple) sank 100–300 CE subsidence and liquefaction · Egyptian-Saite → Ptolemaic Thonis first port before Alexandria with Decree of Sais 380 BCE twin stelae (Rosetta precursor) and Amun of Gereb
Thonis Goddio 2000 rediscovery after10 m, temple Amun Gereb with Sais stele 380 BCE.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
3rd Dynasty provincial Huni (c.2670 BCE) — northernmost provincial pyramid · Old Kingdom 3rd Dynasty
Zawiyet el-Meitin excavated by Leclant, northern provincial.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
3rd Dynasty Huni provincial (c.2670 BCE) Abydos province · Old Kingdom
Sinki Abydos surveyed by Petrie, intact 12 m.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Old Kingdom, 4th Dynasty · Ancient Egyptian
Second pyramid of Sneferu where angle changes mid-construction from 54° to 43°, preserving limestone casing. Unique internal corbel system. Demonstrates learning curve to true pyramid.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Old Kingdom, 3rd Dynasty · Ancient Egyptian
Oldest large stone structure in Egypt: architect Imhotep's six-step pyramid for Djoser, 3rd Dynasty, evolving from mastaba. Inside complex with Heb-Sed court and serdab.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Old Kingdom, 4th Dynasty · Ancient Egyptian
Second largest Giza pyramid, built for Khafre, retaining Tura limestone casing at apex, with associated Sphinx, valley temple and causeway.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Old Kingdom, 4th Dynasty · Ancient Egyptian
First successful true pyramid, by Sneferu, of reddish limestone giving modern name. Culmination of experimental phase leading to Giza.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Megalith
Early to Middle Holocene (7000–5000 BCE ceremonial) · Nabta Playa Neolithic cattle pastoralists (Bunon?)
Bargat excavated by Wendorf & Schild combined archaeological project 1999–, cattle pastoralist ritual with Nabta solstice 45 km.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Old Kingdom, 4th Dynasty · Ancient Egyptian
Smallest of three Giza pyramids, Menkaure, with granite lower casing and three subsidiary queens' pyramids.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Ptolemaic to Byzantine (300 BCE–750 CE Canopus branch port extention, Justinian baths 500 CE) submerged 750 CE after 1303 liquefaction 1303 Crete 9 8.0? · Ptolemaic → Roman → Byzantine Canopic branch pilgrim shrine of Serapis and Osiris shrine
Canopus Goddio 2000 Byzantine and Osiris Serapis.
