🇱🇾 Libya · Rock art
Lamluda
Libyan to Roman (500 BCE–300 CE) · Libyan / Greek / Hellenistic
Libyan shaft necropolis with betyl horseman stela and Hooded-figure Karst chambers 500 BCE–300 CE.
🇱🇾 Libya · Submerged site
Phycus (Naustathmos) – Storm Refuge Harbour on Cyrenaica Tip
Archaic to Late Roman (6th c. BCE – 5th c. CE naustathmos) · Greek Cyrenean / Roman
Cyrenaica northern tip storm harbour — twin 120 m moles at 2 m depth on Ras al-Hamama cape refuge.
🇱🇾 Libya · Temple complex
Sabratha — Theatre North Cavea Ancillary
Bronze Age to Classical (2000 BCE–500 CE) · Multi-period temple culture
Sabratha — Theatre North Cavea Ancillary in Zawiya, Sabratha, Libya is a Bronze Age to Classical (2000 BCE–500 CE) temple complex attributed to Multi-perio…
🇱🇾 Libya · Submerged site
Apollonia — Cyrenaica Drowned Stoa City Libya
Greek (630 BCE Cyrene foundation) → Roman city subsided 6.2 earthquake? 374 CE Crete quake 365 CE? Drowned 2017 tomography 365 Crete 8.3 quake sank 2 m · Greek Cyrene port and Roman
Apollonia Cyrenaica Flemming 1958 submerged city 365 earthquake drowned 2 m.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Sabratha
Phoenician to Byzantine (c.500 BCE–643 CE; monumental Roman 1st–3rd c CE) · Phoenician / Punic / Hellenistic / Roman / Byzantine
Tripolitanian Phoenician port (5th c BCE) with Hellenistic and then Roman city: Theatre of Sabratha – most complete Roman theatre in Africa (Marcus Aurelius era 175–200 CE, cavea 92.6 m, three-storey…
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient port
Sabratha — Roman Harbour Peristyle Seafront Triple-Temple drowned forum
Phoenician (500 BCE) → Punic → Roman Septimian basilica 2nd c. CE urban expansion Severus, 365 Crete quake partially submerged 1 m · Punic → Roman Antonine Severan harbour theatre 108 m diameter with 3-storey scaenae
Sabratha Guidi 1923 Severan theatre of Severus 150.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient village
Qasr Al-Haj
Medieval to Modern (12th c. CE–20th c.; peak 13th–19th c.) · Berber (Nafusi) / Islamic
Qasr Al-Haj (near Gharyan) is a circular Berber granary (aghadir/ qasr) 12th c. CE, 30 m diameter ring of 114 ghurfas (cells) four storeys high around central courtyard, built of rock and gypsum…
🇱🇾 Libya · Buried city
Cist Port Buried Settlement
Chalcolithic (4500–3300 BCE) · Chalcolithic
Cist Port Buried Settlement in Fezzan, Libya is a Chalcolithic (4500–3300 BCE) buried city attributed to Chalcolithic culture.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Paliurus (El Agheila) – Syrtic Salt Post
Punic to Roman (5th c BCE – 5th c CE) · Punic / Roman (Tripolitania–Cyrenaica border)
Lonely Syrtis salt post at Syrtis Major's southernmost bay, Paliurus marks the dangerous coastal road's water point between Leptis and Berenice; still salt flats.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Zygri
Hellenistic to Roman (3rd c. BCE–5th c. CE) · Greek / Roman
Marmarica dye harbour with Hellenistic tower and cisterns.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Augila (Awjila / Aujila Oasis) – Herodotean Palmgrove
Garamantian / Roman · Libyan / Roman
Date-forest island famed since Herodotus for Ammonite pilgrim routes Siwa→Augila→Garama. Garamantian–Greco–Roman caravanserai with foggara traces and late-antique church; mudbrick town overlies souq.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Ptolemais — Palace of Columns Cliff Peristyle Hellenistic
Hellenistic (Ptolemy III 246 BCE) → Roman, Palace of Columns 1st c. CE · Hellenistic Ptolemaic port palace and Roman later
Ptolemais Kraeling 1960s, Palace Columns 165 m peristyle.
🇱🇾 Libya · Fortified city
Zinchecra — Garamantian Ridge Citadel above Germa
Garamantian Early (900–500 BCE pre-Garma) · Early Garamantian hillfort → Garamantian state origin
Zinchecra excavated by Mattingly 1990s, earliest Garamantian fort prior to valley Garama.
🇱🇾 Libya · Fortified city
Old Jarma — Medieval Citadel over Garama
Garamantian to Early Islamic (500 BCE–1500 CE layered) · Garamantian → Arab Jarma
Jarma excavated by Daniels, Islamic layered above Garamantian capital mound.
🇱🇾 Libya · Fortress
Tahat — Aghram Nadharif Fortified Granary Peak
Garamantian (200 BCE–300 CE) · Garamantian highland granary
Tahat granary surveyed by Liverani 2000s, Garamantian high storage.
🇱🇾 Libya · Temple complex
Extramural Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone, Cyrene
The Extramural Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone at Cyrene, Libya is located on a coastal plateau of Libya, beyond the boundaries of the city (extramural).
🇱🇾 Libya · Rock art
Uan Muhuggiag Rock Shelter Pastoral Phase
Upper Palaeolithic to Iron Age (30000 BCE–500 CE) · Multi-period rock art
Uan Muhuggiag Rock Shelter Pastoral Phase in Fezzan, Uan Muhuggiag, Libya is a Upper Palaeolithic to Iron Age (30000 BCE–500 CE) rock art attributed to Multi-period rock art.
🇱🇾 Libya · Submerged site
Apollonia Libya Submerged Theatre Harbour
Bronze Age to Classical (2000 BCE–300 CE) · Bronze Age–Classical
Apollonia Libya Submerged Theatre Harbour in Cyrenaica, Apollonia, Libya is a Bronze Age to Classical (2000 BCE–300 CE) submerged city attributed to Bronze Age–Classical.
🇱🇾 Libya · Submerged site
Berenice Euesperides Submerged Lagoon Quay
Bronze Age to Classical (2000 BCE–300 CE) · Bronze Age–Classical
Berenice Euesperides Submerged Lagoon Quay in Cyrenaica, Berenice, Libya is a Bronze Age to Classical (2000 BCE–300 CE) submerged city attributed to Bronze Age–Classical.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Leptis Magna Market North Portico
Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Leptis Magna Market North Portico in Murqub, Leptis Magna, Libya is a Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age.
🇱🇾 Libya · Submerged site
Tocra (Taucheira) – Cyrenaican Submerged Port
Archaic Greek to Fatimid (620 BCE – 10th c. CE) · Greek Cyrenean / Roman / Byzantine
Cyrenaican grain port founded 620 BCE — ashlar quay and slipways now reef-submerged with Justinian fortress above.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Ghirza (Gerisa)
Roman to Islamic (1st–7th c; peak 3rd–4th c) · Libyan (Nasamones) / Roman / Byzantine
Desert frontier with 40 tower temple-tombs, foggara dams and Libyan relief ethnography 150 km inland.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Euhesperides
Archaic to Hellenistic (600–250 BCE) · Greek / Hellenistic
Abandoned c.250 BCE lagoon promontory synoecized to Berenice, preserved smash floors under sabkha.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Bu Njem (Gholaia)
Severan Roman (201–259 CE) · Roman
201 CE polygonal limes fort 138 m with 146 wax tablets and ostraca archive documenting Legio III vicus.