🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Berenice — Benghazi Hellenistic Port Wall Laser-Gated
Hellenistic Berenice 246 BCE Ptolemy III → Roman to Arab 642 CE · Hellenistic Berenice (Benghazi) port
Berenice excavated by Lloyd 1960s Benghazi grid.
🇱🇾 Libya · Fortress
Barca — Medieval Islamic Fortified Citadel Plateau
Greek Barca 560 BCE → Byzantine → Arab Barca medieval capital 640–1150 CE · Greek Barca → Arab Barqah capital of Cyrenaica Emirate 640 CE
Barca surveyed Goodchild, Barca Greek to Arab.
🇱🇾 Libya · Rock art
Karkur Murr Rock Art — Messak Plateau Libya-Annex
Pastoral (6500–1500 BCE Bubalus to Caballine) · Messak pastoralists (Garamantian antecedents)
Messak documented by Mori 1960s and di Lernia, Bubalus 6500 BCE huge fauna.
🇱🇾 Libya · Fortified city
Old Jarma — Medieval Citadel over Garama
Garamantian to Early Islamic (500 BCE–1500 CE layered) · Garamantian → Arab Jarma
Jarma excavated by Daniels, Islamic layered above Garamantian capital mound.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Darnis (Derna)
Greek to Islamic (5th c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Greek / Roman / Byzantine / Islamic
Pentapolis metropolis at Derna with harbour moles and layered cathedral-mosque.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Erythron (Latrun)
Greek to Byzantine (6th c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Greek / Roman (Cyrenaica)
Red-soil harbour with bath-kiln and Mid Roman amphora production.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Augila Oasis Complex
Garamantian to Islamic (5th c. BCE–present) · Garamantian / Berber / Islamic
Herodotean palm grove oasis with foggaras and ksour granaries (200 chambers).
🇱🇾 Libya · Fortress
Gasr Isawi
Roman Tripolitania (2nd–7th c. CE) · Roman (Tripolitanian Lim.
Tarhouna centenarium fort (60×40 m) controlling olive terraces.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Barca (Al Marj / El Merj) – Pentapolis Interior Capital
Greek / Roman · Greek (Cyrenean)
Agrarian interior capital of Pentapolis founded 560 BCE by Cyrene exiles, mother of Ptolemais port. Agora terrace, Amun temple, theatre and Hellenistic walls.
🇱🇾 Libya · Temple complex
Extramural Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone, Cyrene
The Extramural Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone at Cyrene, Libya is located on a coastal plateau of Libya, beyond the boundaries of the city (extramural).
🇱🇾 Libya · Submerged site
Berenice Euesperides Submerged Lagoon Quay
Bronze Age to Classical (2000 BCE–300 CE) · Bronze Age–Classical
Berenice Euesperides Submerged Lagoon Quay in Cyrenaica, Berenice, Libya is a Bronze Age to Classical (2000 BCE–300 CE) submerged city attributed to Bronze Age–Classical.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Sabratha Theatre Pulpitum Frieze
Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Sabratha Theatre Pulpitum Frieze in Zawiya, Sabratha, Libya is a Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Berenice (Benghazi) - Berenike
Archaic Greek to Islamic (6th c BCE–7th c CE; Hellenistic–Roman peak) · Greek / Ptolemaic / Roman / Jewish / Byzantine
Ptolemaic queen-city beneath Benghazi with salt-marsh promontory, Jewish menorah mosaic and silted harbour.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Old Town of Ghadames
Roman to Modern (19 BCE–present; medieval ksar 7th c CE onward) · Garamantine / Berber Ibadi / Arab / Ottoman
UNESCO saharan ksar Ghadames — whitewashed roof-terrace oasis fed by Ain Al Faras.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Zinchecra
Iron Age Saharan (900 BCE–200 CE) · Proto-Garamantian / Garamantian
80-m black-capped mesa hillfort 900–400 BCE pre-Garamantian stone rampart enclosing 2-ha citadel.
🇱🇾 Libya · Rock art
Slonta
Iron Age to Hellenistic (700 BCE–200 CE) · Libyan (Berber) / Greek
30+ artificial underground caves 4 m deep with Libyan silhouette art and Greek votive 700 BCE–200 CE.
🇱🇾 Libya · Rock art
Messak Settafet Rock Art
Neolithic Pastoral ~8000–2000 BP · Pastoral Neolithic Saharan
Fezzan escarpment's elephant and giraffe engravings marking Holocene Sahara greening.
🇱🇾 Libya · Hillfort
Park Hillfort
Mississippian (800–1600 CE) · Mississippian
Park Hillfort in Fezzan, Libya is a Mississippian (800–1600 CE) hillfort attributed to Mississippian culture.
🇱🇾 Libya · Hillfort
Red-Grey Hill Fort
Mississippian (800–1600 CE) · Mississippian
Red-Grey Hill Fort in Fezzan, Libya is a Mississippian (800–1600 CE) hillfort attributed to Mississippian culture.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient village
Village of Wick Ford
Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) · Classical
Village of Wick Ford in Fezzan, Libya is a Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) ancient village attributed to Classical culture.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient village
Village of Necropolis-Pur
Ubaid (6500–3800 BCE) · Ubaid
Village of Necropolis-Pur in Fezzan, Libya is a Ubaid (6500–3800 BCE) ancient village attributed to Ubaid culture.
🇱🇾 Libya · Hillfort
Well Hillfort
Early Bronze Age (3300–2100 BCE) · Early Bronze Age
Well Hillfort in Fezzan, Libya is a Early Bronze Age (3300–2100 BCE) hillfort attributed to Early Bronze Age culture.
🇱🇾 Libya · Geoglyph
Forge Geoglyph
Late Bronze Age (1550–1050 BCE) · Late Bronze Age
Forge Geoglyph in Fezzan, Libya is a Late Bronze Age (1550–1050 BCE) geoglyph attributed to Late Bronze Age culture.
🇱🇾 Libya · Fortress
Boreum (Al Burdi) – Desert Frontier Tower
Ptolemaic to Byzantine (3rd c BCE – 7th c CE) · Ptolemaic / Roman / Byzantine (Cyrenaica–Marmarica)
Desert–lagoon frontier tower at Marmarica's Cyrenaica edge, Boreum guarded the coastal road's last water before Egyptian desert and lagoon fishery.