🇲🇱 Mali · Temple complex
Gao – Tomb of Askia
Medieval Songhai (9th–17th c; peak Imperial 1464–1591) · Songhai / Tuareg (Songhai Empire)
Songhai Empire capital's 17 m pyramidal earthen tomb of Askia Mohammad I (1495) east-bank Niger assembly ground.
🇲🇱 Mali · Ancient city
Timbuktu (Sankore, Djingareyber & Sidi Yahya)
Medieval Sudanic (11th–17th c; peak 14th–16th c under Mali-Songhai) · Tuareg / Soninke / Malinke / Songhai / Berber / Moroccan (Arma)
Scholar caravan metropolis on Niger Bend with three 14th-c earthen Sudano-Sahelian mosques and 600,000-manuscript university Sankore.
🇲🇱 Mali · Archaeological wonder
Bandiagara Escarpment (Land of the Dogon)
Iron Age to Living (700 BCE–present) · Toloy / Tellem / Dogon
150-km 400-m cliff with 700 Tellem caves 11th–16th c, granaries, Dogon villages and Toloy archaeology.
🇲🇱 Mali · Ancient village
Tongo Maaré Diabal
Iron Age to Medieval (350 BCE–1150 CE) · Soninke / Ghana sphere (Mema)
12-ha isolated 11-m tell 350 BCE–1150 CE in Mema with 2.5-m wall and copper jewellery horizon.
🇲🇱 Mali · Ancient city
Dia (Shoma)
Iron Age to Islamic (800 BCE–1700 CE) · Soninke / Bambara (Dia inland delta)
500-ha Niger Delta cluster with Shoma 47-ha wall-47, 40 tell-mounds and 2500-year 800 BCE–1700 CE sequence.