🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient village
Gajiganna Culture Complex (Borno)
Chad Basin Late Stone Age · Gajiganna culture
Urn-field mound complex defining Gajiganna culture bridging Saharan and sub-Saharan pastoralism before Kanem.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient city
Ile-Ife
Yoruba Early/Middle Period (1st mill.–16th c; classical 12th–15th c) · Yoruba (Ifè)
Yoruba city producing hyper-naturalistic brass heads and potsherd pavements with unique locally-made High-Lime glass beads.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Temple complex
Ifè Opa Oranmiyan Stele Base
Classical Antiquity (600 BCE–200 CE) or regional · Classical
Ifè Opa Oranmiyan Stele Base in Osun, Ife, Nigeria is a Classical Antiquity (600 BCE–200 CE) or regional temple complex attributed to Classical.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient city
Zilum (Chad Basin Proto-city)
Iron Age Sahel / Nok contemporary (550–350 BCE) · Gajiganna culture
12-ha 550 BCE Gajiganna proto-city with 5-m ditch and early Sahelian iron furnace.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Earthwork
Ancient Kano City Walls
Hausa Kingdom of Kano to Sokoto (1095–1807 CE; peak 14th–18th c.) · Hausa (Kano)
Ancient Kano City Walls (Badala) are West Africa's most impressive earthwork: 14 km main wall, 10 m high with 40 m base and moat, plus outer and inner walls totalling 40 km, founded 1095 CE by…
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Temple complex
Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove
Yoruba Classic to Modern (400 BP–present) · Yoruba (Ife–Oyo)
Osun-Osogbo is the 75 ha sacred primary high forest along Osun River (buffer 47 ha) Yoruba goddess Osun's abode, UNESCO 2005 criteria ii, iii, vi.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient city
Wukari (Jukun) – Benue Valley Palace Area
Jukun Kwararafa (c. 1300–1900 CE; peak 16th–18th c) · Jukun (Kwararafa confederacy)
Capital of the Jukun–Kwararafa Benue empire, Wukari's palace enclosure (400×350 m) houses the Aku Uka sacred kingship shrine and town walls that controlled Benue–Cameroon corridor...
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Archaeological wonder
Dufuna Canoe
Early Holocene (6550 BCE) · Early Holocene Saharan fisher–hunters (Lake Mega-Chad)
Dufuna Canoe is an 8.4-m dugout canoe excavated 1987 from 5 m deep Komadugu Gana floodplain, dated 6556/6384 cal BCE (8500±300 BP), oldest boat in Africa and third oldest worldwide, predating…
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Earthwork
Sine-Saloum Shell Midden South
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Local Neolithic
Sine-Saloum Shell Midden South in Nok Valley, Nigeria is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) earthwork attributed to Local Neolithic culture.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Mound
Kursakata Mound (Borno) – Firki Stratigraphy
Iron Age to Historic Kanem · Chad Basin (Gajiganna → Kanem-Bornu)
7 m deep tell preserving 3000-year fishing-pastoralist sequence; fish bones, cord roulette ceramics and copper imports show trans-Saharan contact before Arab records.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Megalith
Susa Acropole Temple Platform — Nubia (Khartoum)
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Medieval
Susa Acropole Temple Platform in Nubia, Nigeria is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) megalithic attributed to Medieval culture.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient village
Gwoza Hills Settlements
Iron Age to present (500 BCE–present) · Mandara / Wandala / Kanuri
Mandara terrace villages with 10 km stone terraces and iron forges.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Tell
Unj Goza Mound
Gajiganna to Kanem (1800 BCE–800 CE) · Gajiganna / Kanem-Bornu
Lake Chad basin tell 12 m high with Gajiganna sequence 1800 BCE–800 CE.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Tumulus
Igbo-Ukwu Workshop Mound South Annex — Northern Annex
Early Medieval (800-1000 CE) · Igbo-Ukwu
Igbo-Ukwu Workshop Mound South Annex — Northern Annex in Anambra, Igbo-Ukwu, Nigeria is a Early Medieval (800-1000 CE) tumulus attributed to Igbo-Ukwu.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Tumulus
Igbo-Ukwu Workshop Mound South Annex — Eastern Outlier
Early Medieval (800-1000 CE) · Igbo-Ukwu
Igbo-Ukwu Workshop Mound South Annex — Eastern Outlier in Anambra, Igbo-Ukwu, Nigeria is a Early Medieval (800-1000 CE) tumulus attributed to Igbo-Ukwu.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Tumulus
Igbo-Ukwu Bronzemound Workshop Floor
Bronze Age (2200–800 BCE) · Bronze Age
Igbo-Ukwu Bronzemound Workshop Floor in Anambra, Igbo-Ukwu, Nigeria is a Bronze Age (2200–800 BCE) tumulus attributed to Bronze Age.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Fortified city
Kagara (Niger State) – Hill Fort Terraces
Niger–Benue hillfort tradition (c. 1300–1900 CE; peak 16th–18th c) · Gbagyi / Hausa (Kamberi hill peoples) / Fulani pressures
Inselberg hill fort above Kagara plain with laterite terraces 2 m high, boulder walls (2.1 km) and narrow cleft gates, iron smelting terraces and shrines of Gunnu hill peoples flee...
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient city
Zaria City Walls
Early Kano to Sokoto (14th–19th c. CE; peak 16th–18th c.) · Hausa (Zazzau) / Fulani
Zaria City Walls (Birnin Zaria) are Hausa Kingdom of Zazzau's 14th-c. mud walls 14 km circuit encircling Zau Zau hill and Emir's palace, founded by Queen Amina legend but archaeologically Sarkin…
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient village
Daima (Lake Chad Mound)
Neolithic to Late Iron (1800 BCE–1500 CE) · Hadjer Lamis / Kotoko ancestral
3-m 115×85 m stratified mound establishing Chad Basin Neolithic-to-Iron sequence 1800 BCE–1500 CE.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient village
Daura Kusugu Pondfield (Bayajida Well)
Medieval Hausa (Bakwai period, 9th–15th c. CE) · Hausa (Daura, Hausa Bakwai)
Sacred pondfield where Bayajida slew snake Sarki (Daura origin).
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Temple complex
Dakhleh Oasis Roman Farm North
Early Bronze Age (3000–2000 BCE) · Local Neolithic
Dakhleh Oasis Roman Farm North in Nok Valley, Nigeria is a Early Bronze Age (3000–2000 BCE) temple complex attributed to Local Neolithic culture.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Fortress
Katsina Hillfort of Dutsin Ma
Medieval Hausa to Sokoto period (13th–19th c. CE) · Hausa (Katsina)
Granite inselberg hillfort south of Katsina with rock gongs.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Megalith
Tiekene-Boussoura Tumulus North
Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) · Medieval
Tiekene-Boussoura Tumulus North in Nok Valley, Nigeria is a Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) megalithic attributed to Medieval culture.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Tumulus
Western Ridge Tumulus — Nubia (Khartoum)
Early Bronze Age (3000–2000 BCE) · Local Neolithic
Western Ridge Tumulus in Nubia, Nigeria is a Early Bronze Age (3000–2000 BCE) tumulus attributed to Local Neolithic culture.