🇵🇰 Pakistan · Submerged site
Sunken City off Cairn Khirbet
Harappan (2600–1900 BCE) · Harappan
Sunken City off Cairn Khirbet in Balochistan, Pakistan is a Harappan (2600–1900 BCE) submerged city attributed to Harappan culture.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Temple complex
Takht-i-Bahi Monastery Court West Cell 12
Classical Antiquity (600 BCE–200 CE) or regional · Classical
Takht-i-Bahi Monastery Court West Cell 12 in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Takht-i-Bahi, Pakistan is a Classical Antiquity (600 BCE–200 CE) or regional temple complex attributed to Classical.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Temple complex
Takht-i-Bahi Monastery Eastern Terrace
Kushan (80 BCE–500 CE) Parthian–Kushan Gandhara · Gandhara Buddhist (Takht-i-Bahi)
Takht-i-Bahi Monastery Eastern Terrace in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan is a Kushan (80 BCE–500 CE) Parthian–Kushan Gandhara temple-complex attributed to Gandhara Buddhist (Takht-i-Bahi).
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Buried city
Taxila — Bhir Mound Buried Street North (Gandhara)
Neolithic to Bronze Age (6000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Taxila — Bhir Mound Buried Street North (Gandhara) in Punjab, Taxila, Bhir Mound, Pakistan is a Neolithic to Bronze Age (6000–1200 BCE) buried city attribu…
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient city
Taxila — Sirkap North Block Dwelling (Gandhara)
Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age urban
Taxila — Sirkap North Block Dwelling (Gandhara) in Punjab, Taxila, Sirkap, Pakistan is a Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attributed …
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Tell
Tilla — Adina Masjid Mound
Pre-Harappan to Gandhara (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Gandhara prehistoric to Gandharan
Tilla — Adina Masjid Mound in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan is a Pre-Harappan to Gandhara (3000 BCE–500 CE) tell attributed to Gandhara prehistoric to Gandharan.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient city
Rehman Dheri (Rahman Dheri)
Kunal–Kot Diji–Early Harappan 4000–2900 BCE · Kot Diji / Kunal-related Early Harappan (Gomal culture)
Early Harappan planned city (c.4000–2900 BCE) on the Gomal Plain near Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa — 22 ha rectangular walled town (550×350 m) with grid street plan, mudbrick fortification…
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient village
Nausharo — Harappan Transitional Colour Pottery Phase
Harappan Transitional (2800–2600 BCE Nausharo I–III) · Amri-Nal → Kili Gul Mohammad → Harappan
Nausharo excavated by Jarrige, painted pottery transition and figurine workshop.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Temple complex
Buddhist Ruins of Takht-i-Bahi
Gandhara Kushan 1st century BCE–5th century CE (peak 2nd–4th CE) · Gandhara Buddhist (Kushan patronage)
Gandhara Buddhist monastery perched 154 m above plain on rocky ridge, founded 1st c BCE and flourishing 1st–5th c CE Kushan.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient city
Allahdino
Mature Harappan (2500–1900 BCE) · Harappan (Sindh coastal facies)
Allahdino is a small mature Harappan settlement (2500–1900 BCE) on the Malir River near Karachi, a 4-ha walled village with mudbrick houses, shell bangle workshop, and the famous carnelian bead hoard…
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient city
Amri
Amri IA–IB (4000–3000) → Kot Diji (3000–2600) → Harappan · Amri culture / Nal-related → Early Harappan
Chalcolithic type-site for Amri culture (c.4000–3000 BCE) on the west bank of the Indus in Dadu/Jamshoro, Sindh — 4 ha mound with four periods: Amri IA–IB (thin red ware with geometric black…
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient city
Banbhore
Scytho-Parthian to Islamic (200 BCE–1300 CE) · Scytho-Parthian to Hindu–Buddhist to Umayyad Islamic
India's oldest port tell—47 ha, 13 centuries (200 BCE–1300 CE): Scytho-Parthian to India's earliest mosque (727 CE).
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Hydraulic works
Bir-Kot Ghundai Canal
Late Bronze to Indo-Greek (Gandhara) 1400 BCE - 200 CE · Gandhara Grave Culture to Indo-Greek
Late Bronze rock-cut canal (3 km, 4 m wide, 1390 BCE) diverting Swat River to Bir-Kot Ghundai Indo-Greek city.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Hydraulic works
Bir-Kot Ghundai Secondary Canal — Swat Right Bank
Bronze Age to Early Historic (1700 BCE–200 CE, Swat protohistoric IV–VII) · Gandhara Grave Culture? Actually Swat protohistoric (Gandhara Grave) to Indo-Greek
Swat 2.5-km proto-canal 1700 BCE puddled clay feeding Ghundai 30 ha rice, Italian Stacul's type Gandhara hydraulic.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient city
Chanhudaro
Harappan to Jhukar (2500–1700 BCE, industrial bead and shell) · Harappan → Jhukar-Chanhudaro
Harappan industrial town (2500–1700 BCE) — 7 ha faience and shell-bangle workshop on Indus left bank.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient city
Ganweriwala
Mature Harappan (c.2500–1900 BCE) · Harappan
Fifth largest Harappan metropolis (80.5 ha) — un-excavated twin mounds anchoring Cholistan's 414 Harappan sites.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient city
Harappa
Harappan (3300–1300 BCE; mature 2600–1900) · Indus Valley
Type-site of Harappan civilization, walled city on Ravi with citadel, granaries, bead workshops and early example of town planning succeeding pre-Harappan Ravi phase.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Cemetery
Harappa — Cemetery R-37 Bara Mound
Harappan (2600–1900 BCE; Cemetery R-37 2600–2000) · Harappan Harappa
Harappa cemetery excavated by Wheeler 1946 and Dales, 200 graves with coffins and steppe DNA later.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient village
Kili Gul Mohammad
Neolithic to Chalcolithic (c.6000–3200 BCE, type-site 5000 BCE) · Kili Gul Mohammad → Togau → Kechi Beg → Damb Sadaat
Type-site for earliest South Asian farming (5000 BCE) — 15 m high Quetta Valley Neolithic mound.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient city
Kot Diji
Kot Diji (3300–2600 BCE) → Early Harappan → Mature Harappan · Kot Diji / Early Harappan (Indus formative)
Pre-Harappan fortified citadel and type-site for Kot Diji culture (c.3300–2600 BCE) on the Rohri Hills piedmont east of the Indus in Khairpur, Sindh — 2.5 ha citadel mound with massive mudbrick…
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient village
Mehrgarh
Neolithic to Early Bronze Age 7000–2600 BCE (Mehrgarh Periods I-VIII) · Pre-Harappan / Neolithic Balochistan
Neolithic-Bronze Age farming village and cemetery on Kachi Plain at foot of Bolan Pass, occupied 7000–2600 BCE with mud-brick houses, granaries and early dentistry evidence.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient village
Mehrgarh — Neolithic Aceramic Hill Foot
Neolithic (7000–2500 BCE; Aceramic 7000 BCE, Ceramic 5500 BCE) · Mehrgarh (pre-Harappan)
Bolan Mehrgarh excavated by Jarrige 1974–, 7000 BCE barley/wheat, 32,000 graves, earliest dentistry bow-drill.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient city
Mohenjo-daro
Mature Harappan (2600–1900 BCE) · Indus Valley / Harappan
Largest city of Indus Valley Civilization (2500–1900 BCE) with grid plan, Great Bath (12x7 m citadel tank), granary, brick drains and standardized weights; script undeciphered. Abandoned c.1900 BCE.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Hydraulic works
Mohenjo-daro — Great Bath Western Extension
Harappan (2600–1900 BCE) · Harappan Mohenjo-daro
Mohenjo citadel excavated by Marshall 1922–, world's earliest public Bath.