🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Earthwork
AlUla South Mustatil Cluster
Late Neolithic Arabian mustatil horizon · Northwest Arabian pastoralists
14 mustatil enclosures (5180-5050 BCE) at AlUla-Sharaan, densest sandstone cluster with betyl solstice alignment.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Hydraulic works
Ayn Zubaydah West Branch Aqueduct (Makkah West Zubaydah Canal)
Abbasid Early Islamic 801–842 CE (Makkah Hajj hydraulic) · Abbasid Makkah Hajj oasis (Zubaydah patron)
Zubaydah west branch 4.2 km ashlar 0.9×0.7 m vaulted 12 m with 14 siphons: Abbasid 801/842 west distributary 0.6‰ to Wadi Fatima.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Geoglyph
Harrat Uthaib Mustatil–Kite Hybrid Field (Tabuk South)
Late Neolithic (Arabian) · Uthaib lava-field hunter-ceremonialists
Hybrid of 18 mustatils and 8 kites stratigraphically entangled on Harrat Uthaib lava south of Tabuk.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Earthwork
Harrat Uwayrid Mustatil Field
Late Neolithic, Arabian Mustatil horizon · Northwest Arabian Neolithic pastoralists
19 high-altitude mustatil enclosures (5300-5000 BCE) on Harrat Uwayrid basalt at 1320 m, northernmost field.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Earthwork
Tayma Mustatil Field
Neolithic, Arabian Late Neolithic 5200-5000 BCE · North Arabian Late Neolithic pastoralists
12 Neolithic mustatil ritual enclosures (5000-5200 BCE) on Tayma sabkha margin with causeway gates aligned to Jebel Ghunaym.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Geoglyph
Khaybar North Mustatil Corridor (Harrat Khaybar Northern Margin)
Late Neolithic Arabian · North Khaybar pastoral ceremonialists
Northern Khaybar mustatil line: 22 early Neolithic ritual platforms along 8.4 km lava–sandstone beach ridge.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Geoglyph
Al-Thula Desert Kite Field (Jubbah Basin – Ha'il)
Neolithic humid phase (Holocene) · Jubbah lake-shore hunters
Jubbah paleolake-marginal kites: 16 funnels at Umm Sanman piedmont below UNESCO rock-art cliffs.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Earthwork
Dumat al-Jandal Mustatil Field
Neolithic (pottery Neolithic, 5000 BCE) · Late Neolithic Arabian pastoralists
70 mustatil rectangles (5000–3500 BCE)—communal cattle-cult enclosures on the Jowf plain.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Archaeological wonder
Khaybar West Pendant & Mustatil Super-Field (Harrat Khaybar fringe)
Neolithic to Early Bronze Age (Neolithic pastoral to Early Bronze Wadi Sawawin) · Arabian Neolithic (Khaybar Neolithic pastoralists, Wadi Sawawin)
45 mustatils + 80 pendants + 12 kites (5200–3000 BCE) — densest Harrat Khaybar ritual-hunting palimpsest.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Earthwork
Nafud Desert Kites - Hail Fringe
Pre-Pottery Neolithic to Late Neolithic, Nafud Neolithic · Northern Arabian Neolithic hunters
22 sand-edge desert kites (5500-4200 BCE) at Nafud-Hail fringe with pit-traps cut into calcrete, oryx drive along dune corridors.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Rock art
Bir Hima Rock Petroglyphs and Inscriptions
Neolithic to Islamic (7000 BCE–1000 CE, peak South Arabian caravan 500 BCE–600 CE) · Neolithic hunter-pastoralists then South Arabian caravaneers (Qataban, Saba, Nabataean)
Caravan UNESCO 2021 on Najran incense route: 550 panels 100k petroglyphs 7000 BCE–Islamic with 28 caravan wells.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Archaeological wonder
Tihama Coastal Kite Field (Jizan–Al Birk littoral, Saudi Arabia)
Neolithic (Tihama Neolithic coastal, 4000–3000 BCE) · Tihama coastal Neolithic (Shell Midden / Jizan foragers)
33 Red Sea littoral kites (4th mill. BCE) with shell middens in pits — unique coast-hunting interface at Jizan.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Hydraulic works
Wadi Al-Gharas Bint Dam (Sadd al-Bint Southeast Expansion)
Early Islamic Umayyad (740 CE) NW Arabia · Umayyad Khaybar–AlUla Harrat oasis (NW Arabia)
Southeast expansion gravity dam 158 m × 14.2 m basalt 800 m: clay-core 2.1 m + 3-tier buttress trapping 42,000 m³.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Archaeological wonder
Harrat Uwayrid Mustatil Extension — Northern Al-Ula frontier (Uwayrid North)
Neolithic (Late Pottery Neolithic, 5300–5000 BCE) · Northwest Arabian Neolithic (Uwayrid pastoral)
52 Uwayrid North mustatils (5320–5070 BCE) — northernmost and only bichrome-basalt–sandstone variants.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Archaeological wonder
Al Haql Desert Kites (Najran–Al Haql lava field)
Neolithic to Middle Bronze (Arabian bifacial to Wadi Sawawin–Qurayyah) · South Arabian Neolithic–Bronze Ibex hunters
38 Al Haql kites (5th–2nd mill. BCE) in 3 chains along Najran Ibex escarpment — southernmost Saudi kite province.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Earthwork
Harraat Khaybar – Works of the Old Men
Neolithic to Bronze Age · Arabian Neolithic pastoralists
15,000 stone structures on black lava—gates, kites and pendants of Neolithic Arabia (7000–5000 BCE).
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Rock art
Jubbah Rock Art – Jebel Umm Sinman
Holocene: Neolithic to Bronze Age to Thamudic · Successive Arabian Holocene cultures (hunter-herder to caravaneer)
10,000-year petroglyph palimpsest at Jebel Umm Sinman—UNESCO rock art on a vanished lake shore.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Geoglyph
Wadi Sirhan Mustatil Corridor (Al-Jawf Depression)
Late Neolithic (Northern Arabian pastoral) · Wadi Sirhan Neolithic
Broad lowland mustatil corridor (560 m, 29°48′11″N 39°52′56″E Dumat al-Jandal TM Geo 29.803206,39.882216 Wadi Sirhan runs 140 km from Azraq to Jawf) along the central topographic depression of Wadi…
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Geoglyph
Harrat Rahah Kite Field – Tabuk Volcanic Field
Pre-Pottery Neolithic to Late Neolithic · Northwest Arabian Neolithic
37 high-elevation basalt kites (8000–5000 BCE) on Harrat Rahah — NW Saudi volcanic field.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Rock art
Shuwaymis Rock Art – Jebel al-Manjor
Early Holocene humid to Bronze/Thamudic arid · Neolithic hunter-herders to Thamudic caravaneers
UNESCO escarpment with 300 panels—lions on leashed dogs and savanna fauna from Arabia's humid phase.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Geoglyph
Jebel Hasma Mustatil Field North (Tabuk)
Late Neolithic (Pre-Pottery Neolithic to Chalcolithic) · Northern Arabian Late Neolithic (Hisma facies)
Northern mustatil concentration on the Hisma sandstone plateau (1,050 m, 28.50°N 36.80°E) north of Tabuk, extending the Harrat-based mustatil province south-eastward into sandstone.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Hydraulic works
Wadi Hanifah Dams (Diriyah Dam System)
Najdi Emirate to First Saudi State · Najdi oasis (Diriyah Amirship)
Wadi Hanifah: 6 Najdi 15th-18th c. wadi dams at Diriyah UNESCO site, Riyadh 24.73N 46.57E.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Geoglyph
Tabuk Plateau Mustatil Field
Late Neolithic (Arabian Humid Period) · Northwest Arabian Neolithic pastoralists
52 Late Neolithic mustatils (5000–4500 BCE) — northernmost Saudi platform ritual field.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Geoglyph
Thumamah Plateau Mustatil Field (Riyadh Region)
Late Neolithic (Arabian Neolithic) · Central Arabian Late Neolithic
Easternmost mustatil province (620 m, 25°39′N 46°39′E) on Thumamah limestone plateau 80 km NE of Riyadh, pushing mustatil distribution 400 km east of Dawadmi core.