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The catalogue
30 places to sift through. Narrow by kind, country, period or how firmly each one is established — contested and pseudoarchaeological claims are labelled here, never hidden.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Temple complex
Middle Bronze Age (2500-1500 BCE) · Kerma Culture
Kerma Defuffa Western Annex Courtyard — Northern Annex in Northern State, Kerma, Sudan is a Middle Bronze Age (2500-1500 BCE) temple complex attributed to Kerma Culture.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Temple complex
Middle Bronze Age (2500-1500 BCE) · Kerma Culture
Kerma Defuffa Western Annex Courtyard in Northern State, Kerma, Sudan is a Middle Bronze Age (2500-1500 BCE) temple complex attributed to Kerma Culture.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Temple complex
Middle Bronze Age (2500-1500 BCE) · Kerma Culture
Kerma Defuffa Western Annex Courtyard — Southern Extension in Northern State, Kerma, Sudan is a Middle Bronze Age (2500-1500 BCE) temple complex attributed to Kerma Culture.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Kerma (2500–1500 BCE) + Egyptian overlapping · Kerma / Egyptian
Doukki Gel — Kerma Ceremonial City in Northern State, Sudan is a Kerma (2500–1500 BCE) + Egyptian overlapping ancient-city attributed to Kerma / Egyptian.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Temple complex
Middle Bronze Age (2500-1500 BCE) · Kerma Culture
Kerma Defuffa Western Annex Courtyard — Western Terrace in Northern State, Kerma, Sudan is a Middle Bronze Age (2500-1500 BCE) temple complex attributed to Kerma Culture.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Temple complex
Middle Bronze Age (2500-1500 BCE) · Kerma Culture
Kerma Defuffa Western Annex Courtyard — Eastern Outlier in Northern State, Kerma, Sudan is a Middle Bronze Age (2500-1500 BCE) temple complex attributed to Kerma Culture.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Tumulus
Kerma Classic (1750–1550 BCE) · Kerma culture (Upper Nubia)
Kerma Eastern Cemetery Tumulus K.III in Northern State, Sudan is a Kerma Classic (1750–1550 BCE) tumulus attributed to Kerma culture (Upper Nubia).
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Classic Kerma (c.1750–1500 BCE) · Kerma culture (Classic Kerma, Nubian)
Funerary chapel massif contemporary with Western Deffufa (Classic Kerma c.1750–1500 BCE) but funerary: 40×33 m base, 18 m high mudbrick with niche façade, central hall with wooden columns, side…
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Middle Kingdom to New Kingdom, c.2500-1500 BCE (Kerma–Egyptian) · Kerma (Kushite)
Dokki Gel sacred city 1 km south of Kerma (Ancient Dukki Gel): massive ceremonial city of Classic Kerma kingdom (2500-1500 BCE) with four successive cruciform palatial enclosures, each 100×100 m,…
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Classic Kerma (c.1750–1500 BCE, Kerma Moyen to Classique) · Kerma culture (Nubian, Classic Kerma)
Massive Classic Kerma mudbrick sacred mountain (c.1750–1500 BCE) in Kerma capital: 52×52 m base, 19 m high preserved with three-stage stairway on east, internal rooms with timber roofs, and ritual…
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Classic Kerma, c.1750-1500 BCE · Kerma (Kushite)
Western Deffufa (Western Massif) at Kerma: massive mudbrick solid massif 52×52 m base, 19 m high, with internal stair, altar and funerary chapel on summit.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Classic Kerma to New Kingdom, c.1750-1500 BCE · Kerma (Kushite)
Eastern Deffufa 600 m east of Western Deffufa at Kerma: smaller solid mudbrick massif 24×24 m, 11 m high, with chapel and enclosure. Excavated by Reisner and Bonnet.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Bronze Age, Classic Kerma (c.1750–1500 BCE, contemporary with Egyptian Second Intermediate Period–early New Kingdom) · Kerma culture (Nubian, Kingdom of Kush — pre-Napatan)
Tumulus KIII is among the largest royal tumuli in the Kerma Eastern and Western cemeteries capping the Kerma capital of the Dongola Reach (≈150 ha, oldest sub-Saharan city).
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Early Kerma to Classic Kerma (Ancient Kerma 2500 BCE to Classic 1700 BCE, peak 2000–1500 BCE) · Kerma culture (Nubian, pre-Kushite)
Completely buried sacred city 1.5 km south of Kerma Western Deffufa, discovered by Bonnet-Honegger Swiss mission 2003 with magnetometry: 250×200 m oval enclosure with palisade, ditch, and 13…
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Kerma (1800–1500 BCE) to Napatan–Meroitic (1500 BCE–400 CE) · Sub-Saharan African coalition (southern) and Kerma/Egyptian
Sub-Saharan sacred city 400×200 m north of Kerma (1800 BCE–400 CE), African temple platforms 6–8 m high.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Kerma to New Kingdom (2000–1100 BCE) · Kerma / Egyptian syncretic
Separate walled ceremonial city 400x200 m discovered 700 m north of Kerma's Western Deffufa, revealing sub-Saharan African architecture (oval huts, timber palisades and 20 round temples) alongside…
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Kerma (2500–1500 BCE), Classic Kerma 1750–1500 BCE · Kerma Culture (Nubian Kush)
Monumental mudbrick temple-massif 19 m high (52x27 m base) forming religious heart of Kerma, capital of the 3000-year-old Kerma Culture (2500–1500 BCE), one of Africa's earliest urban civilizations…
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Kerma Ancien to Late (c.2500–1500 BCE; Napatan reuse 900 BCE) · Kerma culture (Nubian / Sudanese) – precursors to Kush/Napata/Meroe
2500 BCE Nubian capital with 19 m Deffufa temple and tumuli – first sub-Saharan city, excavated 1977–.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Kerma Classic to Early Napatan, c.1700–600 BCE (reused) · Kushite (Kerma → Napatan)
Kerma-classic tumulus Tomb 4 at Hillat el-Arab (c.1700–1500 BCE, early Kushite Kerma horizon) — 20 m diameter tumulus with mudbrick vaulted chamber and subsidiary burials, horse and cattle bucrania…
🇸🇩 Sudan · Submerged site
New Kingdom to Meroitic (1500 BCE–350 CE) · Egyptian/Kushite
Naqa ? Actually Kerma submerged island? — Wadi el Kowa Nile palaeochannel in Northern State, Sudan is a New Kingdom to Meroitic (1500 BCE–350 CE) submerged-city attributed to Egyptian/Kushite.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
New Kingdom Egyptian fortress (1550–1070 BCE) granite quarry → Napatan · Egyptian New Kingdom colonial
Tombos excavated by Smith & Buzon, Egyptian garrison with Nubian burials mixing.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Kerma Classic to New Kingdom to Napatan (2500 BCE–750 BCE, plus later) · Kerma and Egyptian colonial (New Kingdom)
12 km Nubian Nile island with Kerma pyramids and New Kingdom pharaonic fortress (2500 BCE–Ottoman).
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
New Kingdom (Egyptian colonial) to Napatan/Third Intermediate (1300–750 BCE) · Egyptian colonial and indigenous Nubian (Kerma–Napatan)
Third Cataract Egyptian colonial and Nubian tumulus cemetery (1450–750 BCE), granite quarry island, pyramid chapels.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
C-Group, Classic Kerma, New Kingdom, Meroitic–Medieval · Nubian C-Group to Christian Nubian
Double cemetery across Nile at Debeira East (Sudan) and West, excavated by Scandinavian Joint Expedition and Adams (1961–64) before High Dam.
