🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Uşaklı Höyük
MBA → LBA Hittite → Iron → Byzantine (2000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hittite (Kizzuwatna?) → Phrygian → Byzantine
Hittite Zippalanda candidate (LB) — 10 ha lower town, monumental Temple B with tablet, Florentine project.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient village
Pınarbaşı Höyük
Epipalaeolithic to Early Ceramic Neolithic · Central Anatolian Epipalaeolithic → Neolithic
Spring-side rockshelter and village where Epipalaeolithic to PPN aDNA links to Boncuklu and Çatalhöyük.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Xanthos-Letoon
Bronze Age to Byzantine (peak Classical Lycian 6th–4th c. BCE and Roman) · Lycian (Anatolian Indo-European) → Persian satrapy → Hellenistic → Roman
Lycian capital Xanthos and marsh sanctuary Letoon — trilingual stele solved Lycian.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Demircihöyük East Citadel
Chalcolithic – Early Bronze Age (4000–2300 BCE) · Northwest Anatolian Chalcolithic → EBA Troy I contemporary
Demircihöyük East Citadel is the fortified nucleus of the type-site for Northwest Anatolian EBA (Troy I contemporary).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Hallan Çemi
Late Natufian–PPNA (c.12000–10300 BCE) · Natufian-related → PPNA northern Fertile Crescent
Late Natufian–PPNA mound (45 m diameter, 2 m deep deposits) on the Batman River, excavated by Michael Rosenberg 1990s be...
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient village
Pınarbaşı (Bor)
Epipalaeolithic to Aceramic Neolithic · Central Anatolian Epipalaeolithic (Kebaran-like) → PPNA
Epipalaeolithic to Early Neolithic rockshelter and open-air spring-site (c.14,000–7000 BCE) on limestone spur at Pınarbaşı, type-site for Central Anatolian hunter-gatherer sedentism before…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Harbetsuvan
Neolithic–Iron Age (c.5500–600 BCE) · Amuq → Syro-Cilician → Neo-Hittite
Amik fringe tell (Neolithic–Iron Age, 10 m high, basalt-footed EB enclosure) in Kırıkhan plain.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Perge
Late Bronze Age to Late Antiquity (peak Hellenistic–Severan) · Hittite Anatolian → Pamphylian Greek → Roman
Pamphylian canal-avenue Hellenistic city with twin gate-towers and huge stadium.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient village
Salat Tepe (Salattepe)
PPNB to Late Islamic (8500 BCE–1400 CE) · Upper Tigris PPN → Halaf/Ubaid → Uruk → Mitanni → Assyrian → Islamic
Ilısu rescue mound with PPNB–Mitanni–Assyrian sequence before Tigris inundation.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Antioch
Seleucid to Mamluk · Greek → Roman → Byzantine → Crusader
One of the four great cities of antiquity (300 BCE–1400 CE), founded by Seleucus I honoring father Antiochos, capital of Seleucid kingdom and Roman Syria with 500,000 inhabitants at peak (Aug 5),…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Zincirli
Iron Age (c.1000–676 BCE) plus Bronze substrate · Aramaean–Neo-Hittite Samʾal
Iron Age Samʾal 40 ha triple-walled (Kuttamuwa Stele, lion orthostats) in Islahiye valley.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Çavi Tarlası
EBA-MBA-LBA (c.3500-1200 BCE) · Euphrates EBA to Old Babylonian/Mitannian
Çavi Tarlası — buried eba-mba-lba tell/village at Şanlıurfa Province.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient village
Çayönü Tepesi
PPNA to Late PPNB / Pottery Neolithic · Upper Tigris Neolithic
Neolithic village (8300–5800 BCE) on the upper Tigris near Ergani, sequence spanning PPNA to Pottery Neolithic with world-firsts: earliest pig domestication evidence, early copper working (native…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Zincirli Höyük (Samʾal)
Late Bronze–Neo-Assyrian (c.1600–700 BCE; Kilamuwa dynasty 9th c.) · Hittite → Aramaean Samaliyya → Assyrian province
Perfect circular Aramaean capital Samʾal with inner citadel (double-entry) and outer town 40 ha.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Pitane Harbour – Aeolian Harbour at Çandarlı
Archaic to Genoese (c. 700 BCE – 1300 CE) · Aeolian Greek / Genoese
Aeolian shipyard harbour – 90 m quay at –1 m at Çandarlı.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Ayanis
Late Urartian Kingdom (early 7th century BCE) · Urartian (Biainili) late imperial
Rusa II's earthquake-collapsed Haldi temple-fortress with 4,000 bronze votives frozen mid-repair.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Alacahöyük
Chalcolithic to Phrygian (c.4500–700 BCE; peak EB III and Hittite Empire) · Hattian → Hittite (Nesite) → Phrygian
Hattian–Hittite fortified city with Sphinx Gate and Early Bronze royal tombs rich in solar-disk bronzes.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
İnandıktepe
Old Hittite to Empire (1650–1200 BCE) · Hittite (Hattic substrate)
Old Hittite cult terrace that produced the four-register Inandik vase (acrobats and goddess).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Çadır Höyük
Chalcolithic to Byzantine (5200 BCE–1200 CE; peak Hittite and Phrygian) · Central Anatolian Chalcolithic → Hattian → Hittite → Phrygian → Roman
Yozgat tell with 5200 BCE-to-Byzantine sequence bridging central plateau and Hittite north.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Hassek Höyük
EBA-MBA-LBA (c.3500-1200 BCE) · Euphrates EBA to Old Babylonian/Mitannian
Hassek Höyük — buried eba-mba-lba tell/village at Şanlıurfa Province.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Kanlıdivane (Kanytelis / Neapolis)
Hellenistic to medieval (c.400 BCE–1200 CE) · Olbian priest-kings → Isaurian pirates → Roman → Byzantine
Sinkhole-city Kanytelis: 60 m chasm with rim temples, three basilicas and tower-tomb skyline.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Patara
Bronze Age to Byzantine (peak Lycian League 168 BCE–43 CE and Hadrianic) · Lycian → Hellenistic → Roman → Byzantine
Lycian federal port with 1st-century parliament hall, buried Nero lighthouse and harbour silted 1 km inland.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Tepecik
Late Chalcolithic–Early Bronze Age (c.3500–2200 BCE) · Late Chalcolithic → Early Transcaucasian/Karabaz
Altınova EBA cemetery-village (c.3500–2200 BCE, 47 cist graves, Karaz ware) by Lake Keban.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Aspendos
Bronze Age to Byzantine (peak Antonine 2nd century CE) · Pamphylian Greek → Hellenistic → Roman → Byzantine → Seljuk
Pamphylian city with the world's most intact 15,000-seat Roman theatre (155 CE) and inverted-siphon aqueduct.