🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Uşaklı Höyük
MBA → LBA Hittite → Iron → Byzantine (2000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hittite (Kizzuwatna?) → Phrygian → Byzantine
Hittite Zippalanda candidate (LB) — 10 ha lower town, monumental Temple B with tablet, Florentine project.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient village
Pınarbaşı (Bor)
Epipalaeolithic to Aceramic Neolithic · Central Anatolian Epipalaeolithic (Kebaran-like) → PPNA
Epipalaeolithic to Early Neolithic rockshelter and open-air spring-site (c.14,000–7000 BCE) on limestone spur at Pınarbaşı, type-site for Central Anatolian hunter-gatherer sedentism before…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Zincirli
Iron Age (c.1000–676 BCE) plus Bronze substrate · Aramaean–Neo-Hittite Samʾal
Iron Age Samʾal 40 ha triple-walled (Kuttamuwa Stele, lion orthostats) in Islahiye valley.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Harran Tell — Ancient Mound North Trench (Harran)
Chalcolithic to Bronze Age (4500–1200 BCE) · Chalcolithic–Early Bronze
Harran Tell — Ancient Mound North Trench (Harran) in Şanlıurfa, Harran Tell, Turkey is a Chalcolithic to Bronze Age (4500–1200 BCE) tell attributed to Chal…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Knidos — Round Temple Terrace (Aphrodite Sanctuary)
Bronze Age to Classical (2000 BCE–500 CE) · Multi-period temple culture
Knidos — Round Temple Terrace (Aphrodite Sanctuary) in Muğla, Datça, Knidos, Turkey is a Bronze Age to Classical (2000 BCE–500 CE) temple complex attribute…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient village
Çayönü Tepesi
PPNA to Late PPNB / Pottery Neolithic · Upper Tigris Neolithic
Neolithic village (8300–5800 BCE) on the upper Tigris near Ergani, sequence spanning PPNA to Pottery Neolithic with world-firsts: earliest pig domestication evidence, early copper working (native…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Carchemish — Inner Town North Gate (Karkamış, Gaziantep)
Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age urban
Carchemish — Inner Town North Gate (Karkamış, Gaziantep) in Gaziantep, Karkamış, Carchemish, Turkey is a Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) ancient …
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
İnandıktepe
Old Hittite to Empire (1650–1200 BCE) · Hittite (Hattic substrate)
Old Hittite cult terrace that produced the four-register Inandik vase (acrobats and goddess).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Hierapolis — Apollo Temple North Portico (Denizli)
Bronze Age to Classical (2000 BCE–500 CE) · Multi-period temple culture
Hierapolis — Apollo Temple North Portico (Denizli) in Denizli, Hierapolis, Turkey is a Bronze Age to Classical (2000 BCE–500 CE) temple complex attributed …
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Aspendos
Bronze Age to Byzantine (peak Antonine 2nd century CE) · Pamphylian Greek → Hellenistic → Roman → Byzantine → Seljuk
Pamphylian city with the world's most intact 15,000-seat Roman theatre (155 CE) and inverted-siphon aqueduct.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tumulus
Gordion — Citadel Gate South (Midas Mound)
Early Bronze Age to Iron Age (2500–500 BCE) · Hallstatt / Early Iron Age
Gordion — Citadel Gate South (Midas Mound) in Ankara, Polatlı, Gordion, Turkey is a Early Bronze Age to Iron Age (2500–500 BCE) tumulus attributed to Halls…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Van Fortress and Tushpa — Capital of Urartu
Urartian Kingdom (9th–6th century BCE; later Urartian–Median–Achaemenid–Ottoman) · Urartian (Biainili) → Median → Achaemenid → Ottoman
Urartu's 100 m limestone citadel over Lake Van with royal rock-tombs and Xerxes trilingual.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Fıstıklı Höyük
Halaf → Northern Ubaid → Late Chalcolithic → EBA (6200–3000 BCE) · Halaf-Ubaid → Uruk fringe
Halaf-Ubaid village (6200–5000 BCE) — 3 ha Euphrates hamlet, Pollock Birecik Dam salvage.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Archaeological wonder
Gordion – Phrygian Capital
Early Phrygian Iron Age (~1200–700 BCE; Midas tumulus ~740 BCE) · Phrygian (Balkan–Anatolian)
Phrygian capital at the Sangarius bend where Rodney Young's Penn excavations revealed a burnt 800 BCE citadel with polished pebble mosaics – the oldest known – and the great Tumulus MM: 53-m high and…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Hydraulic works
Dara (Anastasiopolis) — Cistern West Arch
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Dara (Anastasiopolis) — Cistern West Arch in Mardin, Dara, Turkey is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attributed to Hydraulic cultur…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Tell Kurdu (Amuq)
Halaf through EBA; Ubaid peak · Amuq Halaf → Ubaid → Amuq F (L. Chalcolithic–EBA)
Halaf-Ubaid tell (15 ha oval) defining Late Chalcolithic Ubaid north expansion, with tripartite kiln houses and channel-painted ceramics.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Rock-cut
Midas City (Yazılıkaya) — Buried Facade North (Phrygia)
Bronze to Iron Age (2000 BCE–300 CE) · Rock-cut tradition
Midas City (Yazılıkaya) — Buried Facade North (Phrygia) in Eskişehir, Yazılıkaya, Midas City, Turkey is a Bronze to Iron Age (2000 BCE–300 CE) rock_cut att…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Perge — South Gate Courtyard Niche
Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age urban
Perge — South Gate Courtyard Niche in Antalya, Aksu, Perge, Turkey is a Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age urb…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Alishar Höyük
Chalcolithic to Iron Age to Medieval · Anatolian Halaf-Ubaid → EBA → Hittite → Phrygian
Large stratified tell (Chalcolithic c.4000 BCE to Phrygian/Medieval, peak EBA–Iron) controlling Kanak Su pass between Kültepe and Hattusa.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Zeugma
Hellenistic to Sassanid sack 252 CE · Seleucid → Roman → Parthian frontier
Twin Hellenistic foundation (Seleucia on Euphrates + Apamea opposite) bridging the Euphrates by Alexander's engineers, Roman legionary base and Parthian toll city (wealth from Euphrates crossing).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Ani Cathedral — Surb Astvatsatsin Domed Basilica Ghost City
Bagratid Ani (989–1001 architect Trdat, later Seljuk mosque 1071, Georgian 1124) · Armenian Bagratid kingdom of Ani (capital 961) — Trdat architect of Hagia Sophia repair
Ani cathedral UNESCO tentative 1996 ghost city 5000 m walls and 50 churches of Bagratid capital Ani.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Uluburun Wreck — Late Bronze Age Royal Cargo Reef (Kolpos)
Late Bronze Age (c.1320 BCE) Palatial cargo ship 15–16 m · Canaanite (?) mixed Levantine-Mycenaean-Egyptian royal cargo with Uluburun copper/tin 10 t/1 t
Uluburun excavated by Bass & Pulak, 1300 BCE greatest bronze age cargo 10 t copper.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Ancient City of Little-Hunstanton
Middle Bronze Age (2100–1550 BCE) · Middle Bronze Age
Ancient City of Little-Hunstanton in Central Anatolia, Turkey is a Middle Bronze Age (2100–1550 BCE) ancient city attributed to Middle Bronze Age culture.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient village
Çatalhöyük — East Mound Building 131 North Wall
Neolithic (7400–6000 BCE) · Neolithic Anatolian
Çatalhöyük — East Mound Building 131 North Wall in Konya, Çumra, Çatalhöyük, Turkey is a Neolithic (7400–6000 BCE) ancient village attributed to Neolithic …