🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Kallanai Grand Anicut
Sangam Period, Early Historic to Colonial · Tamil Chola (Sangam)
2nd century Chola granite anicut (329 m, 150 CE) on Kaveri River, oldest functional dam in world irrigating one million acres.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Band-e Darreh — Arch Dam of Birjand
Qajar to Pahlavi (1910–1930) · Qajar Persian garden culture (Birjand Alam dynasty)
1910 Qajar 12-m arch 35 m on Darreh valley feeding Birjand Akbariye Persian garden and Arg via 2 km qanat.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock art
Wadi Sura – Cave of Swimmers & Cave of Beasts (Gilf Kebir)
Epipalaeolithic to Neolithic (Holocene humid A, B) · Gilf Kebir Holocene hunter-herders (pre-pastoral)
7,000 BCE Gilf Kebir painted shelters—8,000 hand stencils, 'swimmers' and therianthropic beasts in hyper-arid heart of Sahara.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Geoglyph
Jebel Abu Khashaba North Ridge Kites (Northern Khashabiyeh Ridge Extension)
PPNA–PPNB Early to Late (8400–6500 BCE) · Jibal al-Khashabiyeh SE Jordan PPNA Ghassanian trappers
10 long-arm ridge kites 920 m: walls 520–1450 m to 12–16 m single-pit bag pens with pillar stone 1:10 scale kite engraving.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Akoris — Central Harbour Terrace at Tihna el-Gabal
Middle Kingdom to Coptic (2000 BCE – 600 CE) · Middle Kingdom Egyptian / Graeco-Roman
Central Nile harbour terrace of Akoris — rock-cut quay 40 m and basin at Tihna cliff foot buried 3–5 m.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Marea — Central Harbour at Lake Mareotis (Phi Loxene)
Ptolemaic to Early Arab (320 BCE – 800 CE) · Ptolemaic / Roman / Byzantine Egyptian
Central wine harbour of Marea — 60 m mole and Dionysus press harbour 2.5–5 m under Lake Mareotis silt at Hawariya.
🇸🇰 Slovakia · Ancient city
Nitra Castle and Martin's Hill – Princely Seat
Early Middle Ages (7th–12th c. Principality of Nitra; Great Moravian 833–907) · Principality of Nitra / Great Moravia (Pribina, Svatopluk)
Nitra Castle and Martin's Hill – Princely Seat in Nitra Region, Nitra city, Castle Hill and Martin's Hill, Slovakia is a Early Middle Ages (7th–12th c.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Antinoopolis — Central Nile Harbour Bay at Sheikh Ibada
Hadrianic Roman to Byzantine (130–640 CE) · Hadrianic Roman Egyptian (Latin/Greek bilingual)
Central harbour basin of Antinoopolis — Hadrianic quay 68 m and warehouse at Sheikh Ibada buried 4–8 m under Nile silt.
🇮🇹 Italy · Buried city
Sybaris — Casa Bianca Northern Quarter Annex
Archaic to Roman (720 BCE – 7th c. CE) · Achaean Greek / Thurian (Athenian) / Roman
Northern annex of Casa Bianca trench — 4.1 m stacked Archaic Thurii Roman houses showing 510 BCE destruction.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Qanat of Kashan - Fin Garden
Sassanian 470 CE to Safavid UNESCO 2011 · Sassanian hydraulic engineers; Safavid Shah Abbas I
Sassanian qanat (5th c. CE, 12 km, 400 shafts) feeding Fin Garden, UNESCO Persian Garden archetype hydraulic core.
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Köhne Shahar (Köhne Pasgah Tepesi)
Early Bronze (3500–2900 BCE) · Kura-Araxes Early Bronze
Early Bronze (3500–2900 BCE) ancient-city of Kura-Araxes Early Bronze in East Azerbaijan, Moghan (c.3350 BCE).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Acıgöl Höyük
Late Neolithic – Early Chalcolithic (6500–5000 BCE) · Cappadocian Late Neolithic
Late Neolithic – Early Chalcolithic (6500–5000 BCE) tell of Cappadocian Late Neolithic in Nevşehir Province, Cappadocia (c.6500 BCE).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tumulus
Horuztepe
Early Bronze III (2800–2300 BCE) · Early Bronze Pontic–Anatolian
Early Bronze III (2800–2300 BCE) tumulus of Early Bronze Pontic–Anatolian in Tokat Province, Erbaa Plain (c.2600 BCE).
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Quseir al-Qadim — Central Roman Warehouse Harbour
Late Ptolemaic to Late Roman (1st c. BCE – 400 CE) · Roman Egyptian / Nabataean / Indian Ocean merchants
Central Roman harbour of Quseir — warehouse basin at 0.8–2 m behind reef at Leukos Limen.
🇹🇿 Tanzania · Rock art
Kondoa Irangi Rock Paintings (Kolo)
Middle Stone Age to Iron Age (40,000 BCE–500 CE paintings peak) · Hunter-gatherer (Sandawe ancestors) / Pastoral Cushitic / Bantu Isanzu
Sub-cluster of Kondoa WH 150 shelters at Kolo with Kisese II stratified 40 ka to 1,500 CE and layered hunter-to-pastoral-to-Bantu style sequence.
🇮🇱 Israel · Tell
Ashdod (Tel Ashdod / Isdud)
Late Bronze – Iron Age (1700–600 BCE) · Philistine–Israelite
Late Bronze – Iron Age (1700–600 BCE) tell of Philistine–Israelite in Southern District, Philistine Plain (c.1700 BCE).
🇷🇴 Romania · Tell
Sultana-Malu Roșu (Sultana Tell and Eneolithic Flat Necropolis)
Late Neolithic through Eneolithic (Boian → Gumelnița, 5000–3900 BCE) · Boian → Gumelnița (Kodžadermen-Karanovo VI) Eneolithic
Sultana-Malu Roșu (Sultana Tell and Eneolithic Flat Necropolis) is a multi-period tell/ancient village in Călărași County, Mânăstirea Commune, Mostiștea Lake terrace, Danube plain, Romania —…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Rock shelter
Belbaşı Rock Shelter
Epipalaeolithic to Early Neolithic (12000–6500 BCE) · Epipalaeolithic–Neolithic
Epipalaeolithic to Early Neolithic (12000–6500 BCE) rock-shelter of Epipalaeolithic–Neolithic in Antalya Province, Korkuteli (c.12000 BCE).
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Terqa (Tell Ashara)
Old Babylonian to Neo-Assyrian (2000–600 BCE) · Amorite–Mitanni
Old Babylonian to Neo-Assyrian (2000–600 BCE) tell of Amorite–Mitanni in Deir ez-Zor Governorate, Middle Euphrates (c.2000 BCE).
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Qanat of Ghasemabad
Sassanian 6th c. to Ilkhanid 1226 CE to present · Sassanian then Islamic Yazd hydraulic community
12th century high-discharge qanat (14 km, 320 shafts, 190 L/s) feeding Ghasemabad bagh and Yazd mills.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Tunnug 1 (Arzhan 0) — Frozen Royal Kurgan, Uyuk Valley Tuva
Early Scythian (Arzhan horizon, early Saka, Aldy-Bel–Mongun-Taiga precursor) · Early Scythian (Aldy-Bel / Arzhan, Proto-Saka–Mongun-Taiga)
Late 9th-c BCE frozen royal kurgan (140 x 130 m, 1.8 ha) — earliest Scythian princely tomb in Siberian Valley of the Kings.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Sabi Abyad (Balikh Valley Neolithic Mound Cluster)
Pre-Pottery Neolithic B through Late Bronze (7550–1200 BCE) four mounds · PPNB → Pottery Neolithic → Halaf → Ubaid → Late Chalcolithic → Middle Assyrian
Tell Sabi Abyad (Balikh Valley Neolithic Mound Cluster) is a multi-period tell/ancient village in Raqqa Governorate, Balikh River valley, Tell Abyad District, Syria — Four-mound Neolithic village…
🇯🇴 Jordan · Fortified city
Khirbet al-Mudayna ath-Thawr
Iron Age II (1000–600 BCE) · Moabite Iron Age
Iron Age II (1000–600 BCE) fortified-city of Moabite Iron Age in Karak Governorate, Mujib–Karak Plateau (c.1000 BCE).
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Muṣaṣir (Mudjesir)
Iron Age (1000–714 BCE) · Hurro-Urartian
Iron Age (1000–714 BCE) ancient-city of Hurro-Urartian in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Sidekan (c.1000 BCE).