🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Tula Atlante Terrace Column Row 3
Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Tula Atlante Terrace Column Row 3 in Hidalgo, Tula, Mexico is a Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age.
🇻🇳 Vietnam · Fortified city
Cổ Loa Citadel
Dong Son 3rd c BCE → Han 2nd c BCE → Ngo Quyen 938 CE · Dong Son Au Lac → Han → Dai Viet (Hanoi first capital)
Cổ Loa — spiral-walled citadel city (3rd c BCE–10th c CE) 17 km north Hanoi Old Quarter, excavated 1960s–2010s Nguyen Giang Hai (Vietnam Academy).
🇯🇴 Jordan · Ancient city
Petra Siq Treasury Forecourt Cistern
Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Petra Siq Treasury Forecourt Cistern in Ma'an, Petra, Jordan is a Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Pyramid
Takht-i-Bahi Pyramidal Monastery — Mardan
Early Historic to Early Medieval (100 BCE–700 CE, Kushan–Gandhara) · Buddhist Gandhara (Kushan, Indo-Parthian, Huna)
Takht-i-Bahi Pyramidal Monastery — Mardan in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mardan District, Takht-i-Bahi hill spur, Pakistan is a Early Historic to Early Medieval (100 BCE–700 CE, Kushan–Gandhara)…
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Rock art
Tsagaan Salaa Southwest Baga Oigor
Middle Bronze to Orkhon Turkic · Andronovo, Karasuk, Pazyryk, Turkic
Southwest lower gorge with Bronze sun-heads to Turkic tamgas gateway.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Ter
Maurya 300–187 BCE → Satavahana 187 BCE–230 CE → Vakataka 250–400 CE · Satavahana (Periplus Tagara)
Periplus Tagara emporium (300 BCE–400 CE) on Terna — 50+ Roman amphorae and Ter ivory lady with Roman hair, 40 ha rampart.
🇨🇴 Colombia · Tomb
Malagana
Yotoco–Malagana (c.500 BCE–500 CE) and Sonso (c.500–1550 CE) · Malagana–Yotoco–Sonso (Calima sphere)
Malagana at El Bolo, Palmira, Valle del Cauca (970 m) is infamous for the 1992 sugar-cane slurry that exposed a Yotoco–Malagana cemetery (500 BCE–500 CE) and led to the wholesale looting of ~4 tonnes…
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Pyramid
Sarai Khola Mound — Taxila Valley
Late Neolithic to Early Harappan (3300–2600 BCE, Kot Dijian in Taxila) · Kot Diji culture (Taxila valley Neolithic)
Sarai Khola Mound — Taxila Valley in Punjab, Taxila Valley, east of Taxila (Sarai Khola, Kot Dijian), Pakistan is a Late Neolithic to Early Harappan (3300–2600 BCE, Kot Dijian in Taxila)…
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Yon Mound and Village
Middle Woodland to Mississippian (100 BCE–1450 CE) · Swift Creek → Weeden Island → Fort Walton (late Mississippian)
Middle Woodland Swift Creek to Fort Walton Mississippian mound-village (100 BCE–1450 CE) on Apalachicola River terrace: flat-topped platform 6 m high (45×30 m) with ramp to plaza, adjacent burial…
🇨🇳 China · Temple complex
Bingling Temple South Cave 169
Sixteen Kingdoms to Tang · Western Qin to Tang Buddhist (Bingling synthesis)
South partition of monumental natural Cave 169 with 384 Sui–Tang niches and Tang donor cartouche.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Hillat el-Arab Cemetery & Pyramids
New Kingdom (viceregal Kush) to early Napatan · Egyptian / Kushite (Napatan)
Napatan pyramid cemetery 5 km N of Jebel Barkal — 20 tombs 1400–300 BCE with small steep pyramids 5–8 m bridging New Kingdom viceregal and Kushite Kush.
🇨🇱 Chile · Ancient village
Tulor Village
Formative (500 BCE – 400 CE) · Atacameño (Likan Antai)
Tulor Village in Antofagasta, Chile is a Formative (500 BCE – 400 CE) ancient village attributed to Atacameño (Likan Antai) culture.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Berenice (Benghazi) - Berenike
Archaic Greek to Islamic (6th c BCE–7th c CE; Hellenistic–Roman peak) · Greek / Ptolemaic / Roman / Jewish / Byzantine
Ptolemaic queen-city beneath Benghazi with salt-marsh promontory, Jewish menorah mosaic and silted harbour.
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Deorkothar Katra Stupa Complex
Mauryan Ashoka 3rd c BCE → Sunga 1st c BCE–2nd c CE · Mauryan–Sunga Buddhist (Ashokan–Sunga complex)
Deorkothar Katra Stupa Complex — Ashokan–Sunga Buddhist establishment (3rd c BCE possible Ashoka, 1st c BCE inscribed pillar) with 4 stupas, 30.5-m brick stupa-1 with stone vedika rail similar to…
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Lambaesis (Lambèse)
Roman (Flavian to Late antique; peak 2nd–3rd c) · Roman / Berber
Headquarters of Legio III Augusta 81–238 CE with Praetorium aedicula, amphitheatre and 3,000+ Latin inscriptions.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Chicanná
Late Classic (Río Bec) · Maya (Río Bec–Chenes)
Classic Río Bec palatial city (c.550–900 CE) at Becán-Chicanná dispersed urban nebula, with Structure II jaguar monster-mouth zoomorphic mascarón doorway (12 m high 18 m wide — bes...
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Old Town of Ghadames
Roman to Modern (19 BCE–present; medieval ksar 7th c CE onward) · Garamantine / Berber Ibadi / Arab / Ottoman
UNESCO saharan ksar Ghadames — whitewashed roof-terrace oasis fed by Ain Al Faras.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Shilikty North Kurgan (Chilikty North Royal Terrace)
Early Saka (7th–6th c. BCE) · Early Saka (Shilikty facies)
Shilikty north: 5 early royal kurgans (62 m) 2.2 km north of Golden Ridge, Zaisan valley 820 m.
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Marcahuasi
Wari–Late Intermediate–Inca · Wari–Ychsma with modern megalith folklore
Mythic paramo stone forest (4000 m) 8 km trek from San Pedro de Casta east of Lima, with 40 natural granite monoliths anthropomorphized (Monument of Humanity 25 m, Face of Man 8 m,...
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Arslan Tash (Hadatu)
Iron Age Neo-Assyrian · Aramaean Hadatu → Assyrian province
Assyrian provincial Hadatu with 2.5 km walls, 11 lion gates and Phoenician ivory hoard.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Tamtoc (Tamuín) – Huastec Metropolis
Preclassic to Postclassic Huastec (600 BCE–1520 CE, Florescent 600–900) · Huastec (Tenek – Maya linguistic isolate)
Great Huastec city (600 BCE–1520 CE, peak 600–900 CE) on Tampaón River bend covering 50 sq ha with 70 mounds, artificial lagoons and plazas: 21×40 mound group, Stepped Pyramid of the Moon, Temple of…
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Pyramid
Gumla Mound — Gomal Pakistan
Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age (3800–1900 BCE, Gumla–Gomal) · Gumla culture (Gomal plain, Tochi-Gomal)
Gumla Mound — Gomal Pakistan in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Dera Ismail Khan, Gomal plain (Gumla), Pakistan is a Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age (3800–1900 BCE, Gumla–Gomal) pyramid/mound site attributed to…
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Ancient city
Iximche Alt
Late Postclassic (1470 – 1524 CE) · Kaqchikel Maya
Iximche Alt in Chimaltenango, Guatemala is a Late Postclassic (1470 – 1524 CE) ancient city attributed to Kaqchikel Maya culture.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Chellah (Sala Colonia)
Roman to Merinid (1st c CE to 14th c) · Roman / Mauretanian / Merinid Islamic
Roman port Sala Colonia beneath Merinid walled necropolis with stork-colonised minaret and Roman spolia throughout Islamic masonry.