🇲🇳 Mongolia · Kurgan
Saka Kurgan Chain East — Gobi (Ulaanbaatar)
Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age
Saka Kurgan Chain East in Gobi, Mongolia is a Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) kurgan attributed to Bronze Age culture.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Kyzyl-Bulak South Kurgan (Aktobe Kyzyl-Bulak Red Spring Mound)
Early Sarmatian Iron Age (450–350 BCE) with Hun reuse 410 CE · Sarmatian Aktobe–Uil (eastern Sarmatian) with Hun secondary
Kyzyl-Bulak Sarmatian mound 68 m diam 8.2 m with torc 340 g and ditch 22 m on Uil divide 142 km south of Aktobe.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Zhetytobe Kurgan Necropolis (Turkestan Ridge – Ancient Asativ)
Early to Middle Saka · Saka of the eastern Aral–Karatau
Seven-hills ridge with 7 giant kurgans 42-72 m plus 14 satellites: Saka necropolis above Sozak oasis.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Kumsay Ridge Kurgans (Aktobe Kumsay Steppe Crests)
Early to Middle Sarmatian (550–350 BCE) · Sauromatian to Sarmatian Kobda ridge (Uil–Khobda interfluve)
7 Sarmatian ridge kurgans 22–48 m linear 12 km crest: mirror bronze and gold child burial — winter pasture beacon.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Korgantas South Ridge Satellite Kurgan (Korgantas South Ridge Cluster)
Korgantas transition (420–340 BCE) Saka to Hun · Korgantas (post-Tasmola) Karkaraly south ridge
4 Korgantas satellites 16–28 m south ridge 890 m with antenna 18 m and side-niche catacomb — Nura watershed sentinels.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Shilikty South Rock Overhang Kurgan (Shilikty Southern Granite Overhang Field)
Early Saka Shilikty southern overhang (650–580 BCE) · Saka southern Shilikty granite spur
3 rock-shelter kurgans beneath 12 m granite overhang: talus gneiss chamber 5.8 m spall mound with mirror 18 cm 610 BCE.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Shilikty Central Terrace Kurgan (Shilikty Chilikty Middle Terrace Royal)
Early Saka (Arzhan–Shilikty 800–700 BCE) — Shilikty middle terrace · Saka of eastern Kazakhstan (Mayemer–Shilikty)
68 m middle terrace royal 730 BCE: 13 horse western compartment and 432 eagle-griffin plaques including stag 22 cm.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Syntas Kurgan Field (Aktobe Sarmatian Ridge)
Early Sarmatian (Sauromatian) · Sarmatian (eastern Ural–Aral)
Sarmatian ridge cemetery 38 km from Aktobe: 17 mounds with Greek kylix sherd and eagle gold.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Chuya Steppe Kurgan Complex (Kosh-Agach Basin)
Early Iron Age (Chuya Pazyryk / Saka) · Pazyryk-derived Chuya steppe
Chuya intermontane basin floor (1,750 m, 49°55′N 88°30′E 49.92,88.50 tectonic depression, Chuya River) dense kurgan necropolis on dry steppe: 35 mounds 6-32 m diameter (1760 m at Tydtuyaryk…
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Besshatyr Royal Necropolis (Royal Mound 6 — Altyn-Emel, Semirechye)
Early Iron Age (Saka, 600–400 BCE) · Saka of Semirechye (Issyk–Besshatyr, eastern Saka)
31-mound Saka royal necropolis (600–400 BCE) — Ili River's 'Five Tents' with 105-m royal mound and log house.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Kyrykoba Kurgan Field — Sarmatian Royal Cemetery (Aktobe, West Kazakhstan)
Early to Middle Sarmatian (Sauromatian–Early Sarmatian, 500–350 BCE) · Sauromatian–Early Sarmatian (Prokhorovka transitional)
40+ Sarmatian royal mounds (5th–4th c BCE) with 820-g gold torque and Amazon warrior — West Kazakh Ural steppe.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Uyuk Valley Second Kurgan Terrace (North Arzhan Satellite)
Early Iron Age (Arzhan-Chertomlyk) · Arzhan (Early Scythian / Saka Royal)
Second terrace north of Uyuk River (950 m, 52°03′N 93°51′E) in the Tuva Valley of the Kings, complementing Arzhan 1 (9th c BCE) and Arzhan 2 (7th c BCE) on south terrace and Tunnug 1 (9th c) centre.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Ust-Koksa Kurgan Field (Katun Headwaters, Altai)
Early Iron Age (Pazyryk culture) · Pazyryk (Altai Scythian)
Katun River headwaters kurgan field (973 m, 50°16′11″N 85°36′39″E 50.2697,85.6108) on moraine terrace above Katun (Ust-Koksa village 973 m, Dfc climate, UTC+7), bridging Pazyryk culture (5th-3rd c…
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Kyzyl-Uzuk Kurgan Field (Upper Yenisei, Tuva)
Early Iron Age (Scythian / Uyuk-Sagly) · Uyuk / Sagly Scythian (Arzhan-derived)
Mid-Uyuk-Seedling kurgan chain (850 m, 51°43′N 94°27′E) in Ulug-Khem (Upper Yenisei) floodplain north of Kyzyl, on terrace between Tuva's Uyuk Valley (Arzhan) and Sayan foothills.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Tell
Varvarovka 8 (Usatovo)
Late Chalcolithic–Early Bronze Tripolye C2 → Usatovo (c.3500–3200 BCE) → Early Yamnaya fringe · Late Trypillia C2 → Usatovo (Post-Trypillia) steppe–farming synthesis → Early Yamnaya infiltration
Usatovo village–kurgan cemetery (c.3500–3200 BCE) on liman — Trypillia→Yamnaya bridge with stelae and copper (Petrenko).
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Besshatyr South Row Kurgans (Besshatyr Southern Alignment)
Early Saka (Tiglaxaus vs Saka Tigraxauda) · Saka (Saka Tigraxauda) royal
Besshatyr south row: 6 royal kurgans (52–78 m) 500 m south of northern royal row, Altyn-Emel.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Aktobe Zhirenkopa Tört Oba Kurgans (Tört Oba Four Mounds West Aktobe)
Early Sarmatian (500–300 BCE) · Early Sarmatian / Aorsi
Tört Oba (‘Four Mounds’) group near Zhirenkopa village at northwest Aktobe Oblast threshold to Orenburg steppe (145 m), studied by Samashev 2010.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Karaoba Extended Kurgan Field (Karaoba Ridge West Chain)
Middle to Late Sarmatian · Late Sarmatian
Karaoba west: 7 chalk-marl kurgans extending field N-S 1.8 km toward Caspian lowland.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Sukhaya Termista — Catacomb Culture Kurgan Field
Late Yamnaya → Catacomb → Srubnaya · Yamnaya → Catacomb Grave culture → Srubnaya (Timber Grave)
Kalmyk steppe Catacomb Grave kurgans (2800–2200 BCE) with shaft-and-niche chambers cut into Yamnaya mounds — post-Yamnaya chariot horizon and ‘caterpillar’ pottery.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Kurgan
Mykhailivka (Mikhaylovka) — Yamnaya type site
Lower Eneolithic → Repin → Classic Yamnaya (Pit Grave) · Sredny Stog / Trypillia → Repin → Yamnaya (Pit Grave culture)
Yamnaya triple settlement on Dnieper (3600–2600 BCE) — Lower Trypillian fort, Middle Repin–Yamnaya ditch and Upper Yamnaya town with adjacent Pit Grave kurgans, birthplace of Yamnaya culture.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Pokrovka — Srubnaya (Timber Grave) Cemetery
Late Bronze Age; Srubnaya post-Catacomb · Catacomb → Srubnaya (Timber Grave) → Andronovo influence
Ilek River Srubnaya cemetery (1800–1200 BCE) with timber-framed ‘srub’ grave chambers, grooved pottery and Late Bronze steppe pastoral expansion.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Syntas West Kurgan Field (Aktobe Sarmatian Ridge West)
Early Sarmatian (Sauromatian) · Sauromatian–Early Sarmatian
Syntas west: 9 Sarmatian kurgans on Aktobe ridge crest with deer-stone stelae.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Samara Culture (Sokol Povolzhye Sites)
Neolithic–Eneolithic; Samara forager to stock-herder · Samara culture (Volga Neolithic) → Khvalynsk → Yamnaya
Volga Neolithic Samara type sites (5500–4800 BCE) — pit-house villages and Mariupol cemeteries on Sokol bend, defining early steppe pottery and forager transition.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Issyk — Golden Warrior Kurgan Ancillary Ditch
Bronze to Iron Age (2500–300 BCE) · Scythian / Saka
Issyk — Golden Warrior Kurgan Ancillary Ditch in Almaty, Issyk, Kazakhstan is a Bronze to Iron Age (2500–300 BCE) kurgan attributed to Scythian / Saka. Sys…