🇷🇺 Russia · Rock art
Kalbak-Tash II Yaloman South Rock
Bronze Age to Early Medieval · Andronovo, Saka, Turkic
South-facing Yaloman cliff 5 km west of Kalbak-Tash main, with Andronovo two-spoked chariots and 12 Turkic tamga slabs overlaying earlier elk.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Fortress
Lambaesis Legionary Camp (Tazoult)
Roman (81 CE – 5th c CE; legionary base 123–238 CE) · Roman (Legio III Augusta)
Africa's largest legionary fortress, Lambaesis housed 6,000 men of III Augusta with principia, baths, amphitheatre, aqueduct and arch of Commodus. Headquarters shrine and numerus i...
🇵🇹 Portugal · Megalith
Zambujeiro Stone Row — Alentejo Menhir Field Quinta do Anjo
Neolithic (4500–3000 BCE) Lusit-Protugal menhir row · Setúbal Neolithic Quinta alignment
Quinta do Anjo row.
🇮🇹 Italy · Buried city
Pompeii
Roman (foundation Oscan 6th c BCE, Roman from 80 BCE) · Roman
Roman city of 12,000 buried by Vesuvius eruption 24 August 79 CE under 4–6 m pumice and ash, preserving streets, villas, Forum, amphitheatre, baths and plaster casts of victims.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Seip Earthworks
Hopewell 1–500 CE · Hopewell tradition
121-acre Hopewell circle-square with 335 m Great Circle and Seip-Pricer mound, UNESCO 2023.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Fortified city
Katsina City Walls – 14 km Runded Earthwork
Hausa classical (c. 1100–1807 CE; Ganuwa built 13th–14th c) · Hausa (Katsina scholarly centre)
Seven-gate 14 km mud rampart enclosing 405 ha Hausa scholarly city of Gobarau minaret (14th c mudbrick tower 15 m, oldest multi-storey mud in West Africa), manuscript libraries and...
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Xoïs (Sakha) – Delta Capital of the Xoite Dynasty
Old Kingdom / Second Intermediate · Egyptian
Lost capital of Xoite 14th Dynasty (76 kings) contesting Hyksos Avaris. Stepped temple of Amun and 8 m Hyksos walls detected by magnetometry; Herodotus lists Delta metropolis.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Ancient city
Petra
Nabataean to Roman (312 BCE–363 CE earthquake) · Nabataean / Arab
Nabataean caravan city (312 BCE–106 CE) carved into sandstone cliffs: Al-Khazneh Treasury, Theatre, Monastery Ad-Deir, Royal Tombs, and hydraulic system capturing desert flash floods.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Heracleopolis Magna (Ihnasya el-Medina)
Old to Middle Kingdom / Late Period · Egyptian
Capital of Heracleopolitan dynasty (Dyn 9–10, 2160–2055 BCE) whose 'Instruction for Merikare' defines First Intermediate Period.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Madauros (M'Daourouch) – University City of Apuleius
Numidian / Roman · Romano-Berber
High-plateau Roman university town famed as birthplace of Apuleius (Golden Ass) and Augustine's school.
🇰🇷 South Korea · Megalith
Hillfort Rampart Asia 90 — South Korea Region 6
Period Classical · Regional culture Asia-Megalith
Hillfort Rampart Asia 90 — South Korea Region 6 in South Korea Region 6, South Korea is a Bronze Age megalithic with stratified deposits and regional significance.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Tell
Kisurra
ED to Isin-Larsa (c.3000–1750 BCE) · Sumerian → Akkadian → Ur III → Isin-Larsa
Kisurra (Abu Hatab) is a Sumerian city-state between Isin and Larsa, with ED palace and Ur III archive. German excavations (1900, 1990s) revealed city wall (2 k...
🇱🇾 Libya · Submerged site
Phycus (Naustathmos)
Greek to Byzantine (6th c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Greek / Roman (Cyrenaica)
Submerged roadstead at Ras al Hilal with quay blocks 2–4 m deep.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Megalith
Rock-Cut Tomb Cluster Asia 118 — Mongolia Region 10
Period Bronze Age · Regional culture Asia-Megalith
Rock-Cut Tomb Cluster Asia 118 — Mongolia Region 10 in Mongolia Region 10, Mongolia is a Iron Age megalithic with stratified deposits and regional significance.
🇵🇪 Peru · Geoglyph
Vitor Valley Pampa Geoglyphs (Corire–La Cano Sector)
Sihuas–Wari to Late Intermediate · Vitor–Sihuas valley people
Vitor pampa geoglyphs between Arequipa and Majes: 21 etched figures with radial avenues to spring wetland.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell es-Sweyhat (Upper Lake Tabqa Euphrates Town)
Late Chalcolithic through Late Bronze (4400–1200 BCE) · Uruk → EB Syrian city-state → EB IV → Middle Bronze
Tell es-Sweyhat (Upper Lake Tabqa Euphrates Town) is a multi-period tell/ancient village in Raqqa Governorate, Tabqa Lake (Euphrates) east bank, Sweyhat plain, Syria — Euphrates steppe-edge walled…
🇳🇦 Namibia · Rock art
Apollo 11 Cave Rock Art Layer 4 Namibia
Upper Palaeolithic to Iron Age (30000 BCE–500 CE) · Multi-period rock art
Apollo 11 Cave Rock Art Layer 4 Namibia in Karas, Apollo 11 Cave, Namibia is a Upper Palaeolithic to Iron Age (30000 BCE–500 CE) rock art attributed to Multi-period rock art.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Tumulus
Igbo-Ukwu Workshop Mound South Annex — Western Terrace
Early Medieval (800-1000 CE) · Igbo-Ukwu
Igbo-Ukwu Workshop Mound South Annex — Western Terrace in Anambra, Igbo-Ukwu, Nigeria is a Early Medieval (800-1000 CE) tumulus attributed to Igbo-Ukwu.
🇻🇳 Vietnam · Ancient village
Xom Ren
Late Bronze Go Mun 1100–500 BCE (bridge Dong Dau → Dong Son) · Go Mun (Red River Late Bronze)
Red River Go Mun foundry-burial hamlet (1100–700 BCE) — 300 moulds at Xóm Rên, Phú Thọ.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Rock art
Ughtasar Southeast Lava Field Petroglyphs
Early to Late Bronze via Early Iron · Kura-Araxes, Trialeti, Lchashen-Metsamor, Urartian fringe
Lower southeast lava field 1.1 km from crater lake with 380 boulders and vishap cart motifs.
🇲🇱 Mali · Ancient city
Essouk (Tadmekka)
Medieval trans-Saharan (8th–15th c; peak 11th–14th c) · Sanhaja Berber / Tuareg (Kel Essouk) / Songhai
Arid 12 ha Berber warehouse town with 8th-c mosque (among earliest in West Africa) and 750,000 glass beads on salt route.