🇨🇳 China · Hydraulic works
Zhengguo Canal – Jingyang Irrigation Canal (Zheng Guo Qu)
Warring States to Han continuous · Qin with Han engineer Zheng Guo (鄭國)
246 BCE 'sabotage' canal that irrigated 27,000 ha and enabled Qin to unify China.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Geoglyph
Azraq Basin Desert Kites (Qa al-Azraq Deflation Rim)
Late Neolithic (PPNB-related) · Azraq oasis Neolithic foragers
Kite field on the basalt deflation rim of Qa al-Azraq sebkha (520 m, 31.83°N 36.82°E), the lowest point of the 12,700 km² Azraq Basin shared with Syria (94% in Jordan) and Saudi.
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Caral Pyramid Major North Platform
Old Kingdom (2686–2181 BCE) or regional equivalent · Old Kingdom
Caral Pyramid Major North Platform in Lima, Supe, Caral, Peru is a Old Kingdom (2686–2181 BCE) or regional equivalent pyramid attributed to Old Kingdom.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Tell
Las Ventanas
Classic to Epiclassic Chalchihuites (c.300–900 CE); Classic Suchil 300–500 CE, Alta Vista phase 600–800 CE · Chalchihuites (Suchil–Canutillo–Alta Vista) frontier mining–agricultural with Sierra Madre turquoise
Chalchihuites cinnabar–turquoise mining village (c.300–900 CE) with pyramid and ore roasting pits supplying Pueblo Bonito turquoise.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Pyramid
Mehrgarh Mound — Kacchi Bolan
Neolithic to Early Bronze Age (7000–2600 BCE, earliest South Asian farming village) · Balochistan Neolithic (Mehrgarh culture, Kili Gul Mohammad)
Mehrgarh Mound — Kacchi Bolan in Balochistan, Kacchi Plain at foot of Bolan Pass (near Dadhar), Pakistan is a Neolithic to Early Bronze Age (7000–2600 BCE, earliest South Asian farming village)…
🇲🇽 Mexico · Pyramid
Yaxchilan Lintel 26 Temple 23
Old Kingdom (2686–2181 BCE) or regional equivalent · Old Kingdom
Yaxchilan Lintel 26 Temple 23 in Chiapas, Yaxchilan, Mexico is a Old Kingdom (2686–2181 BCE) or regional equivalent pyramid attributed to Old Kingdom.
🇪🇸 Spain · Hillfort
Zamora Hillfort El Castillón Outer Wall
Iron Age (600–100 BCE) · Iron Age
Zamora Hillfort El Castillón Outer Wall in Castile and León, Zamora, Spain is a Iron Age (600–100 BCE) hillfort attributed to Iron Age.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Abu Rawash Pyramid A North Substructure
Old Kingdom (2686–2181 BCE) · Ancient Egyptian (Old Kingdom)
Abu Rawash Pyramid A North Substructure in Giza, Abu Rawash, Egypt is a Old Kingdom (2686–2181 BCE) pyramid attributed to Ancient Egyptian (Old Kingdom).
🇵🇪 Peru · Fortress
Acaray Fortress
Late Intermediate – Late Horizon (c.900–1470 CE) Huaura – Chancay – Inca · Huaura – Chancay (Coastal)
Acaray (often misattributed as 'Inca fortress') crowns a tabular hill 6 km inland in the lower Huaura Valley, Lima, at 250 m.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Bamyan Buddhas
Late Buddhist Gandhara–Tokharistan 5th–10th c; Hun–Turk Shahi patronage · Gandhara–Sogdian Buddhist (Hindu Kush)
55 m and 38 m colossal Buddhas on Bamyan canyon (544–644 CE) — 1000 caves, oil murals, UNESCO 208.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Band-e Firuzabad (Ardashir Dam) — Firuzabad Plain reservoir dam, Fars
Early Sassanid (Ardashir I–Shapur I, 224–260 CE) · Sassanid Persian (early Sasanian court)
210-m Sassanid reservoir dam (224 CE) retaining Firuzabad circular capital plain — Ardashir's desert hydraulic foundation.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Earthwork
Benin City Walls (Iya)
Early to Late Edo Kingdom (800–1897 CE; peak 13th–16th c) · Edo (Bini) / Igodomigodo → Kingdom of Benin
16,000 km of ramparts and 20 m high ditch-bank earthworks enclosing 6,500 km² – world's longest pre-mechanical earthwork.
🇺🇸 United States · Ancient city
Canyon de Chelly White House South Ledge
Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Canyon de Chelly White House South Ledge in Arizona, Chinle, United States is a Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age.
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Caral Shicra Pyramid Amphitheatre
Old Kingdom (2686–2181 BCE) or regional equivalent · Old Kingdom
Caral Shicra Pyramid Amphitheatre in Lima, Caral Shicra, Peru is a Old Kingdom (2686–2181 BCE) or regional equivalent pyramid attributed to Old Kingdom.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Cowan Creek Circular Enclosure
Middle Woodland / Hopewell (100 BCE – 400 CE) · Hopewell
Cowan Creek Circular Enclosure in Ohio, United States is a Middle Woodland / Hopewell (100 BCE – 400 CE) earthwork attributed to Hopewell culture.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Ichkabal
Late Preclassic – Classic (c.400 BCE–800 CE) Kaan dynasty predecessor · Maya (Lowland – Kaan/Snake Kingdom capital precursor)
Ichkabal is a vaulted jungle metropolis on the pitted limestone plateau 40 km northwest of Bacalar, Quintana Roo, at 110 m.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Geoglyph
Jebel Hasma Mustatil Field North (Tabuk)
Late Neolithic (Pre-Pottery Neolithic to Chalcolithic) · Northern Arabian Late Neolithic (Hisma facies)
Northern mustatil concentration on the Hisma sandstone plateau (1,050 m, 28.50°N 36.80°E) north of Tabuk, extending the Harrat-based mustatil province south-eastward into sandstone.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient village
Ksar of Ait-Ben-Haddou
Almoravid to modern (11th c–20th c; present fabric 17th–19th c) · Berber (Haratine) / Almoravid / Saadi
Fortified earthen ksar on Trans-Saharan caravan road with pisé towers, agadir granary and geometric clay façades.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Musawwarat es-Sufra — Great Enclosure (Butana Steppe, Sudan)
Meroitic (300 BCE–350 CE) · Kushite (Meroitic)
Enigmatic Meroitic 3rd-century BCE–1st-century CE sandstone temple complex 25 km from Nile in Butana steppe, 180 km NE of Khartoum and 20 km north of Naqa.
🇮🇷 Iran · Pyramid
Tepe Giyan Ziggurat Mound (Nahavand)
Early to Middle Bronze Age (Giyan III–IV) · Elamite / Highland Zagros (Giyan culture)
Zagros highland terrace shrine at Tepe Giyan c.2800–1700 BCE — 40 m proto-ziggurat mound linking Elamite terraces to later Median fire temples.
🇿🇦 South Africa · Ancient city
Thulamela Stone Citadel Annex East
Late Medieval (1400-1700 CE) · Thulamela
Thulamela Stone Citadel Annex East in Limpopo, Kruger, South Africa is a Late Medieval (1400-1700 CE) ancient city attributed to Thulamela.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Camarones Conanoxa South Terrace Geoglyphs (Quebrada Conanoxa Sur)
Late Intermediate Gentilar · Camarones–Conanoxa Gentilar
Conanoxa south terrace: 14 inverted additive ring geoglyphs mirroring north-bank Camarones.
🇲🇱 Mali · Tell
Djenne-Djeno Mound Urban Quarter North Annex
Iron Age-Classic (250 BCE-900 CE) · Djenne Culture
Djenne-Djeno Mound Urban Quarter North Annex in Mopti, Djenne, Mali is a Iron Age-Classic (250 BCE-900 CE) tell attributed to Djenne Culture.
🇮🇳 India · Archaeological wonder
Maski
Southern Neolithic (2500–1000) → Megalithic Iron (1000–300 BCE) → Mauryan → Satavahana · Southern Neolithic → Megalithic → Mauryan
Neolithic–Megalithic–Mauryan mound (c.2500 BCE–500 CE) at Maski, Raichur Doab — hillock settlement (12 ha) with Southern Neolithic grey ware, Megalithic iron burials and the decisive Maski Rock Edict…