🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Uzappa
Roman (1st–7th c. CE) · Roman / Byzantine
Colonia with circus and amphitheatre on imperial saltus.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Zilil (Dchar Jdid / Asilah)
Phoenician / Roman · Roman / Mauretanian
Augustan colonia Iulia Constantia Zilil controlling Loukkos–Tangier road and garum coast. Large forum, basilica, theatre embankment and 5th-c church.
🇿🇼 Zimbabwe · Ancient city
Great Zimbabwe
Iron Age (Zimbabwe Period: Great Zimbabwe 1100–1450 CE) · Ancestral Shona (Karanga)
Capital of Kingdom of Zimbabwe (11th–15th c) with dry-stone walls up to 11 m (Great Enclosure) without mortar, Hill Complex and Valley Enclosures controlling Indian Ocean gold trade.
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Persepolis
Achaemenid · Persian Achaemenid
Ceremonial capital of Achaemenid Empire (515–330 BCE) with Apadana, Throne Hall, Treasury on terrace with relief of tribute bearers. Burned by Alexander 330 BCE, preserved by burial.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Antipyrgos (Tobruk / Tubruq)
Greek / Roman / Byzantine · Greek / Roman
Natural rock-harbour of Marmarica, fortress-emporion of Cyrene facing Egypt, later Justinianic fort guarding Via Maris. Classical mole at -1.5 m visible snorkelling; WWII overlays.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
La Quemada Archaeological Zone
Classic–Epiclassic 350–900 CE · Northern Mesoamerican frontier
Northern hill fortress Salón de Columnas, 350–900 CE, Chicomóztoc candidate.
🇪🇹 Ethiopia · Megalith
Axum Obelisks & Archaeological Site
Aksumite · Aksumite / Ge'ez
Capital of Aksumite Kingdom (100 BCE–940 CE) with monolithic granite stelae quarried 4 km, carved to imitate multi-storey buildings with false doors/windows, elite tombs, palaces.
🇹🇿 Tanzania · Rock art
Mumba Rock Shelter (Lake Eyasi) – Middle Stone Age Stratigraphy
Middle Stone Age / Later Stone Age · Middle Stone Age hunter-gatherers
60 m deep sequence from Acheulean bifaces to 30 ka ostrich-eggshell beads and 19 ka geometric microliths bridging Middle Stone Age–Neolithic. Rock paintings overlie MSA horizons.
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Pyramid
Tikal Temple IV
Late Classic Maya · Maya (Mutal polity)
Tallest temple-pyramid in Tikal, atop 7 m supporting platform, roof comb; from summit see canopy and other temples. Part of vast Classic Maya city (16 km²) with ~3000 structures.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Rock art
Tura Rock Inscriptions
Iron Age to Historic (500 BCE–19th c.) · Nok-derived / Bauchi hunters
Granite cliff with 300 inscriptions and cattle engravings (hunters' oath site).
🇺🇸 United States · Ancient village
Pueblo Bonito (Chaco Canyon)
Pueblo II–III · Ancestral Puebloan / Chacoan
Greatest great house of Chaco: D-shaped 800-room complex with 32 kivas, planned in stages 850–1150 CE, aligned to cardinal directions and Chacoan road system radiating 60 km.
🇮🇪 Ireland · Megalith
Dowth
Neolithic · Boyne Valley Neolithic
Westernmost of three great Brú na Bóinne tombs, 85 m diameter, two passages and souterrain. Less restored, preserving original form. Associated winter sunset alignment.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Tzintzuntzan Archaeological Zone (Las Yácatas)
Late Postclassic 1350–1530 CE · Purépecha (Tarascan)
Five yácatas on 425 m platform, Tarascan capital 1350–1530 CE.
🇱🇾 Libya · Temple complex
Balagrae (El Beida / Bayda) – Asclepeion
Greek / Roman · Greek (Cyrenean)
Healing sanctuary of Asclepius with spring valley, temple, incubation theatre, stoa and sacred spring under eucalypts. Annual Asclepieia games; Pausanias lists oracle.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient city
Harappa
Harappan (3300–1300 BCE; mature 2600–1900) · Indus Valley
Type-site of Harappan civilization, walled city on Ravi with citadel, granaries, bead workshops and early example of town planning succeeding pre-Harappan Ravi phase.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Mound
Kursakata Mound (Borno) – Firki Stratigraphy
Iron Age to Historic Kanem · Chad Basin (Gajiganna → Kanem-Bornu)
7 m deep tell preserving 3000-year fishing-pastoralist sequence; fish bones, cord roulette ceramics and copper imports show trans-Saharan contact before Arab records.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Boreum (Buerat / Bū Grādah) – Syrtic Frontier
Roman / Byzantine · Roman
Customs fort marking Tripolitania–Cyrenaica boundary at Syrtis Major where road hugged sea past Arae Philaenorum. Fortlet with bath and cisterns praised by Sallust.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Megalith
Ring of Brodgar
Late Neolithic · Grooved Ware Orcadian
Massive henge and stone circle 104 m diameter, originally 60 stones (36 surviving). Enclosed by rock-cut ditch up to 10 m wide. Core of Heart of Neolithic Orkney.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Temple complex
Kohunlich
Classic · Maya/Andean
Kohunlich — Temple of the Masks 5×2 m stucco.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Pikillacta Archaeological Park (Huari)
Wari Middle Horizon 550–800 CE · Wari (Huari Empire)
50 ha Wari grid city 12 m walls 550–700 CE.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Rapidum (Sour Djouab / Masqueray)
Roman · Roman
Auxilia castra of Cohors II Sardorum on Auzia–Lemellef road controlling Tell–Plateaux pass. Fort 180×140 m with canabae, baths, Gordian III rebuild inscription.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Gran Pajatén Archaeological Zone
Chachapoya 800–1532 CE · Chachapoya
Chachapoya cloud-forest citadel slate-mosaic friezes, UNESCO 548.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Vilcabamba — Espíritu Pampa (Last Capital of the Inca)
Wari → Inca → Neo-Inca 1200–1572 CE · Neo-Inca (Manco Inca)
Last Neo-Inca capital 1536–1572, 12 ha jungle city.
🇹🇭 Thailand · Temple complex
Sukhothai Historical Park
Sukhothai Kingdom 1238–1438 · Thai (Sukhothai)
First capital of Siam (1238–1438) with moated royal city, Wat Mahathat and 193 ruins merging Khmer and Sri Lankan styles, birthplace of Thai alphabet.