🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Earthwork
Stonehenge Cursus
Early Neolithic 3800–3600 BCE · Early Neolithic Britons
2.7-km Neolithic processional enclosure predating Stonehenge by 500 years.
🇨🇳 China · Temple complex
Bingling Temple Grottoes
Sixteen Kingdoms → Qing 420–1911 · Buddhist (Hexi Silk Road)
Yellow River gorge sanctuary of 183 caves and 694 statues cut into 60 m yellow sandstone cliff above reservoir since 420 CE (Western Qin) to Qing, famous for 27 m Maitreya Buddha (Tang) carved from…
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient city
Birnin Gazargamu
Late Medieval Kanem–Bornu (1460–1808 CE) · Kanuri (Kanem–Bornu)
Birnin Gazargamu (1460–1808) was Kanem–Bornu Empire capital, 6.5 km earthen walls 5 m high enclosing palace mound, great mosque 100×50 m and 200 compound mounds on Yo/ Kamadugu Yobe. 15th-c.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Grave Creek Mound
Early Woodland, Adena culture 1000 BCE–1 CE (peak 250–150 BCE) · Adena
Largest conical burial mound in North America (62 ft/19 m high, 240 ft/73 m diameter, 60,000 tons earth moved by basket) built by Adena peoples at Moundsville, WV.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Rock art
Kainji Rock Art and Mounds
MSA to Iron Age (50,000 BCE–1800 CE; rock art 2000 BCE–500 CE) · MSA / Kintampo-related / Iron Age (Borgawa)
Kainji shoreline and islands host Middle Stone Age to Iron Age rock shelters with geometric rock art and 2,000-year mound settlements along Niger River, inundated partially 1968 by Kainji Dam.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Megalith
Merry Maidens Stone Circle
Early Bronze Age · Penwith Bronze Age
19-stone graded granite circle (23.8 m) near Lamorna with two Pipers outlying stones.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Necropolis
Necropolis of Thwaite
Moche (100–800 CE) · Moche
Necropolis of Thwaite in Ma'an Governorate, Jordan is a Moche (100–800 CE) necropolis attributed to Moche culture.
🇧🇩 Bangladesh · Temple complex
Paharpur Satellite Vihara — Dhirkuta
Pala (8th c.) · Pala
Paharpur Satellite Vihara — Dhirkuta in Naogaon District, Paharpur plain, Bangladesh is a Pala (8th c.) temple complex attributed to Pala culture.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Earthwork
Town Henthorn Mound Complex
Andean Formative (1800–200 BCE) · Andean Formative
Town Henthorn Mound Complex in Piauí, Brazil is a Andean Formative (1800–200 BCE) earthwork attributed to Andean Formative culture.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
El-Kurru Pyramids
Early Kushite (El-Kurru phase 860–310 BCE; Piye 747–716 BCE) · Kushite (early Napatan)
Earliest Kushite royal necropolis (860–310 BCE) with 22 pyramids for Napatan kings including Piye (Piankhi), founder of Egypt's 25th Dynasty, Taharqa, and early ancestors.
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Kesanapalli — Guntur Stupa
Early Historic (200 BCE–300 CE) · Satavahana
Kesanapalli — Guntur Stupa in Andhra Pradesh, Guntur, India is a Early Historic (200 BCE–300 CE) temple complex attributed to Satavahana culture.
🇧🇩 Bangladesh · Temple complex
Kherua Masjid — Sherpur
Sultanate (15th c. CE) · Bengal Sultanate
Kherua Masjid — Sherpur in Bogra District, Sherpur, Bangladesh is a Sultanate (15th c. CE) temple complex attributed to Bengal Sultanate culture.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Necropolis
Tuna el-Gebel Northern Ibis Catacombs
Late Period to Roman (664 BCE–250 CE) · Egyptian (Late Period–Ptolemaic–Roman)
Ibis catacomb annex 400 m north of Petosiris with 2m mummies.
🇫🇷 France · Rock art
Chauvet Cave
Aurignacian, Upper Paleolithic (~37,000–33,000 BCE) · Aurignacian hunter-gatherer
Sealed Aurignacian cave above the Ardèche gorge containing the earliest known figurative art, with over 430 animal representations including woolly rhinoceros, cave lions, panthers and megaloceros…
🇩🇿 Algeria · Earthwork
Earthworks of Avenue-Tel Kistvaen
Ancestral Pueblo (900–1350 CE) · Ancestral Pueblo
Earthworks of Avenue-Tel Kistvaen in Tassili n'Ajjer, Algeria is a Ancestral Pueblo (900–1350 CE) earthwork attributed to Ancestral Pueblo culture.
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Kulpak — Kolanupaka Temple
Early Medieval (11th c.) · Chalukya
Kulpak — Kolanupaka Temple in Telangana, Yadadri-Bhuvanagiri, India is a Early Medieval (11th c.) temple complex attributed to Chalukya culture.
🇮🇳 India · Earthwork
Sanganakallu — Bellary Ash Mound
Neolithic (3000–2000 BCE) · Southern Neolithic
Sanganakallu — Bellary Ash Mound in Karnataka, Bellary, India is a Neolithic (3000–2000 BCE) earthwork attributed to Southern Neolithic culture.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Submerged site
Sunken City off Spur Bal
Middle Bronze Age (2100–1550 BCE) · Middle Bronze Age
Sunken City off Spur Bal in Ma'an Governorate, Jordan is a Middle Bronze Age (2100–1550 BCE) submerged city attributed to Middle Bronze Age culture.
🇺🇸 United States · Archaeological wonder
Walpi Pueblo
Ancestral Hopi (Hisatsinom) to Historic Hopi 900 CE–present · Hopi (Hisatsinom, Hopi-Tewa)
Continuously inhabited 900 CE Hopi terraced pueblo atop 300-m mesa.
🇺🇸 United States · Archaeological wonder
Wupatki National Monument
Pueblo II–III 1120–1250 CE (post-Sunset Crater) · Sinagua / Ancestral Puebloan (Hisatsinom) with Mogollon/Hohokam influences
100-room red-Moenkopi sandstone pueblo with tower-kiva and Hopi-style ballcourt, outlier of Sinagua-Hisatsinom frontier after Sunset Crater eruption (1085 CE) improved farming.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Pyramid
Ziggurat of Dur-Kurigalzu (Aqar Quf)
Kassite (Middle Babylonian) c. 1375–1155 BCE · Kassite Babylonian
Kassite capital Dur-Kurigalzu built by Kurigalzu I (c. 1375 BCE): enormous ziggurat to Enlil, still 57 m high (originally ~69 m) with rope reinforcement layers (reed mats) visible, highest surviving…
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Hamoukar South Town — Jazira Urban Anomaly
Late Chalcolithic to EJ III (4500–2100 BCE; peak LC sprawl 3800 BCE) · LC northern Mesopotamian → Uruk → Ninevite 5
LC sprawl 4000 BCE battle town 3500 BCE — sling-bullet warfare horizon (Gibson).
🇮🇳 India · Rock art
Kunjhun Rock Art — Vindhya
Mesolithic (8000 BCE) · Vindhya Mesolithic
Kunjhun Rock Art — Vindhya in Uttar Pradesh, Vindhya range, India is a Mesolithic (8000 BCE) rock art attributed to Vindhya Mesolithic culture.
🇸🇿 Eswatini · Archaeological wonder
Ngwenya Mine
Middle Stone Age to Iron Age (43,000 BCE–400 CE) · MSA/MSA modern humans
Ngwenya (Lion Cavern) is the world's oldest mine, hematite and specularite 43,000 BCE Middle Stone Age open-cast pit 25 m deep with radiocarbon mining tools and 43 ka charcoal, extracting red ochre…