🇹🇳 Tunisia · Hydraulic works
Hydraulic System at Shelter Camp
Moche (100–800 CE) · Moche
Hydraulic System at Shelter Camp in Kairouan Governorate, Tunisia is a Moche (100–800 CE) hydraulic attributed to Moche culture.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Hydraulic works
Hasankeyf Euphrates Side Canal (Upper Tigris Hasankeyf Rock-Cut Canal)
Roman 180 to Artuqid 1150 CE (Hasankeyf Upper Tigris) · Roman mesopotamia then Artuqid Hasankeyf (Tigris gorge town)
Artuqid 1150/Roman 180 side canal 1.4 km rock-cut 1.2×1.8 m vaulted 700 m with 6 intakes and 5 shaft aqueducts — orchard 12 ha.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Hydraulic works
Menua (Semiramis / Shamiram) Canal (Van, Eastern Anatolia)
Iron Age (Urartian Kingdom) · Urartian
Urartian masterpiece (1,720 m, 38°30′37″N 43°21′58″E 38.5103,43.3661; also 38°29′39″N 43°22′48″E Van city) 56 km (35 mi) gravity canal plus aqueducts built by King Menua (r.
🇫🇷 France · Hydraulic works
Barbegal Roman Aqueduct & Mill Ensemble (Fontvieille, Provence)
Roman Imperial (Hadrian to Severan, 2nd–3rd c CE) · Roman Gallo-Roman (Arelate)
Hadrianic 16-wheel industrial mills (early 2nd c CE) on 9 km aqueducts — Roman factory producing 4.5 t flour/day for Arles.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Ancient city
Llanos de Mojos — Cedro Forest Island and Western Lagoon at Casarabe Central (Moxos Oeste)
Late Pre-Columbian (500 – 1400 CE) · Casarabe (Llanos de Moxos)
Casarabe Cedro West forest island 12 m high 300 m with causeway 800 m to lagoon 200 m and field ridges 2 km; Llanos de Moxos hydraulic.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Ancient city
Llanos de Mojos — Cedro Forest Island and Western Lagoon at Casarabe Central (Moxos Oeste) — v2
Late Pre-Columbian (500 – 1400 CE) · Casarabe (Llanos de Moxos)
Casarabe Cedro West forest island 12 m high 300 m with causeway 800 m to lagoon 200 m and field ridges 2 km; Llanos de Moxos hydraulic.
🇪🇸 Spain · Hydraulic works
Les Ferreres Aqueduct (Devil's Bridge, Pont del Diable — Tarraco Aqueduct)
Roman Augustan (late Republic to early Principate) · Roman Tarraconensis (Tarraco Colonia)
217-m Augustan double-tier arcade (20 BCE–20 CE) 27 m high — Tarraco's Francolí aqueduct masterpiece.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Ancient village
Kuhikugu — Central Reservoir Cluster K12 at Seki Lake Central (Xingu Central)
Late Pre-Columbian (900–1600 CE) · Upper Xingu / ancestral Kuikuro Arawak
Central reservoir K12 of Kuhikugu at Seki isthmus — 80×60 m embanked reservoir and 900 m canal.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Wadi Jirdan East Spate Dam (Eastern Hadramawt Jirdan Spate Canal System)
Himyarite to Zaydi 380–980 CE Hadramawt east · Himyarite Jirdan Hadramawt then Zaydi highland (Yemen)
Dual spate weirs 85+62×2.8 m gabion with 4 spillways 12 m feeding 6.2 km distributary 38 ha: Himyarite 380 Zaydi 980.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Marib Great Dam North Sluice Annex — Southern Extension
Early South Arabian (800 BCE-600 CE) · Sabaean
Marib Great Dam North Sluice Annex — Southern Extension in Marib Governorate, Yemen is a Early South Arabian (800 BCE-600 CE) hydraulic attributed to Sabaean.
🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Dholavira Bailey Reservoir North Embankment Annex
Harappan Mature (2600-1900 BCE) · Harappan
Dholavira Bailey Reservoir North Embankment Annex in Gujarat, Kutch, India is a Harappan Mature (2600-1900 BCE) hydraulic attributed to Harappan.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Hydraulic works
Mohenjo-daro Great Bath Western Drain Annex
Harappan Mature (2600-1900 BCE) · Harappan
Mohenjo-daro Great Bath Western Drain Annex in Sindh, Larkana, Pakistan is a Harappan Mature (2600-1900 BCE) hydraulic attributed to Harappan.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Hydraulic works
Wadi Hanifah Dams (Diriyah Dam System)
Najdi Emirate to First Saudi State · Najdi oasis (Diriyah Amirship)
Wadi Hanifah: 6 Najdi 15th-18th c. wadi dams at Diriyah UNESCO site, Riyadh 24.73N 46.57E.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Sadd Al-Rahwah Dam (Hadramawt Highland Dam)
Himyarite–Hadrami to Rasulid · Hadrami kingdom to Rasulid dynasty
Hadramawt highland: 45-m crescent dam at Shibam hinterland, Himyarite 500 BCE–Rasulid 12th c.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Band-e Gargar Secondary Canal (Shushtar Gargar Diversion Canal)
Sasanian (Shapur I post-Edessa 260) · Sasanian with Roman prisoner engineers
Gargar canal: 12-km Sasanian 260 CE cliff canal diverting Karun through Shushtar mills, UNESCO 1315.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Hydraulic works
Sadd al-Khanaq Dam – Hijaz (Khaibar Oasis northern dam)
Late Pre-Islamic to Early Islamic · Nabataean–Himyarite to Umayyad
110-m two-phase dam (320 BCE–750 CE) on Wadi al-Khanaq — Khaibar oasis northern reservoir.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Hydraulic works
Texcotzingo
Late Postclassic Aztec (1400 – 1521 CE) · Acolhua (Texcoco)
Texcotzingo in State of Mexico, Mexico is a Late Postclassic Aztec (1400 – 1521 CE) hydraulic attributed to Acolhua (Texcoco) culture.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Sadd Ba'ta — Wadi Rada Gravity Dam (Yemeni Highlands)
Himyarite (400–580 CE) · Himyarite
Himyarite gravity dam (11 m high, 140 m crest) in Wadi Rada at Ba'ta (1,680 m) with downstream stepped spillway (7 steps, 1.2 m tread) and 1.6 km contour canal feeding Rada basin terraces.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Qasr el-Sagha — Ancillary Temple Basin North (Fayum, Egypt)
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Qasr el-Sagha — Ancillary Temple Basin North (Fayum, Egypt) in Fayum, Qasr el-Sagha, Egypt is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attri…
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Mareotis — Qanat Ancillary Shaft North (Alexandria, Egypt)
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Mareotis — Qanat Ancillary Shaft North (Alexandria, Egypt) in Alexandria, Mareotis, Burg el-Arab, Egypt is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hy…
🇴🇲 Oman · Hydraulic works
Aflaj Al Ain — Ancillary Falaj North (Oman/UAE Border)
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Aflaj Al Ain — Ancillary Falaj North (Oman/UAE Border) in Al Buraimi, Al Ain, Falaj, Oman is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attrib…
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Qanat-e Zarch — Ancillary Shaft North (Yazd, Iran)
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Qanat-e Zarch — Ancillary Shaft North (Yazd, Iran) in Yazd, Zarch, Iran is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attributed to Hydraulic …
🇵🇪 Peru · Megalith
Saywite Monolith
Inca Late Horizon ca.1470 CE · Inca
2.28-m granite boulder with 203 miniature carvings, ca.1470 Inca hydraulic model.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Hydraulic works
Mine Harbor Aqueduct
Byzantine (330–1453 CE) · Byzantine
Mine Harbor Aqueduct in Souss-Massa, Morocco is a Byzantine (330–1453 CE) hydraulic attributed to Byzantine culture.