🇵🇹 Portugal · Cave
Pen Rig Mere Grotto
Andean Formative (1800–200 BCE) · Andean Formative
Pen Rig Mere Grotto in Alentejo, Portugal is a Andean Formative (1800–200 BCE) cave attributed to Andean Formative culture.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Tumulus
Priory Pit Tumulus
Andean Formative (1800–200 BCE) · Andean Formative
Priory Pit Tumulus in Somerset, South West England, United Kingdom is a Andean Formative (1800–200 BCE) tumulus attributed to Andean Formative culture.
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Quarry
Quarry of Sanctuary-Oued
Andean Formative (1800–200 BCE) · Andean Formative
Quarry of Sanctuary-Oued in Petén, Guatemala is a Andean Formative (1800–200 BCE) quarry attributed to Andean Formative culture.
🇮🇹 Italy · Rock-cut
Rock-Cut Tombs of Syke-Strath
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Iron Age
Rock-Cut Tombs of Syke-Strath in Sicily, Italy is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) rock_cut attributed to Iron Age culture.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Sonpur — Gandak Early Historic
Early Historic (600 BCE–400 CE) · NBP
Sonpur — Gandak Early Historic in Bihar, Saran, Gandak, India is a Early Historic (600 BCE–400 CE) ancient city attributed to NBP culture.
🇮🇪 Ireland · Pyramid
Step Pyramid of Dail Brown
Chalcolithic (4500–3300 BCE) · Chalcolithic
Step Pyramid of Dail Brown in County Kerry, Ireland is a Chalcolithic (4500–3300 BCE) pyramid attributed to Chalcolithic culture.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Tagisken — Kurgan Field North Mound (Kyzylorda)
Bronze to Iron Age (2500–300 BCE) · Scythian / Saka
Tagisken — Kurgan Field North Mound (Kyzylorda) in Kyzylorda, Tagisken, Kazakhstan is a Bronze to Iron Age (2500–300 BCE) kurgan attributed to Scythian / S…
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Khamis
Halaf–Early Bronze Age (c.5600–2300 BCE) · Halaf → Ubaid → EBA Syro-Mesopotamian
Interfluve tell 9 m high (Halaf–Ubaid–EB, shaft tombs, black-burnished ware) between Euphrates and Sajur.
🇪🇸 Spain · Megalith
Tholos de Montelirio
Chalcolithic · Valencina Copper Age / Los Millares horizon
Seville Chalcolithic tholos with 40 m corridor and sun-motif slabs, part of 400 ha Valencina copper town.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Temple complex
Thwaite Temple Complex
Chalcolithic (4500–3300 BCE) · Chalcolithic
Thwaite Temple Complex in River Nile State, Sudan is a Chalcolithic (4500–3300 BCE) temple complex attributed to Chalcolithic culture.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Geoglyph
Wadi al-Qattafi West Mesa Escarpment Kites (Western Escarpment M-2 Chain)
PPNB (7300–6500 BCE) · PPNB
Western escarpment of Wadi al-Qattafi headwaters (695 m) where wadi initiates in southcentral basalt fields (Toms 2021).
🇯🇵 Japan · Megalith
Washinoki Stone Circle
Late Jomon (c.2000 BCE) · Late Jomon (Mori)
Largest Hokkaido stone circle (37 m oval, c.2000 BCE) — triple rings with mass-grave pit cemetery above Funka Bay.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Rock art
Yazılıkaya Hittite Sanctuary
Late Bronze Age, Hittite Empire (~1300–1180 BCE; refurbished under Tudhaliya IV) · Hittite (Hatti–Hurrian)
Two natural limestone chambers behind Hattusa where 90 reliefs carved into living rock depict the Hurrian–Hittite pantheon procession: Chamber A shows 12 underworld gods, sword-god Nergal and the…
🇺🇸 United States · Ancient village
Yellow Jacket Pueblo
Pueblo II–III 1050–1300 CE (Mesa Verde phase) · Ancestral Pueblo (Mogollon-Mesa Verde)
Largest Mesa Verde town: 600 rooms, 170 kivas, 22 m Great Kiva and Chaco-style great house.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Aktobe Karagash North Cluster Kurgans (Karagash Steppe North Apex)
Late Sarmatian to Early Hunnic (100–400 CE) · Late Sarmatian–Alan / Early Hun
North apex cluster on Karagash steppe at Emba River northward bend (220 m) with 8 kurgans 22–44 m, 1.5–4 m high.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Azapa Pampa Algodonal North Geoglyphs (Algodonal Plain)
Late Archaic–Formative (900 BCE–600 CE) · Alto Ramírez
Broad pampa (980 m) at Azapa head, Algodonal plain toward the Lluta divide. Eleven figures: 40-m great lizard, 20-m camelid caravan, and 45-m inverted triangle with internal dots (altiplano style).
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Besshatyr East Sholak Foothills Mounds (Sholak Foothill Promontory)
Saka (550–380 BCE) · Semirechye Saka
Promontory outliers on southwestern Sholak foothill piedmont (745 m) 5 km east of Besshatyr core (674 m Silkadv).
🇫🇷 France · Rock art
Cussac Cave
Gravettian ~28–25 ka BP · Gravettian
Sealed 1.6 km Gravettian engraved gallery with 4 m bison and bear nests intact since 25 ka.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Dainzú
Late Formative–Early Classic 600 BCE–200 CE · Zapotec (Dainzú phase)
Zapotec ballplayer gallery: 47 helmed player reliefs with trophy heads and jaguar deities on Building A.
🇪🇸 Spain · Rock art
El Castillo Cave
Mousterian to Magdalenian ~150–11 ka BP · Neanderthal then Aurignacian to Magdalenian
Monte Castillo reference sequence cave with 40 ka red disks and 150 kyr stratigraphy.
🇨🇳 China · Rock art
Helan Mountains Rock Art
Neolithic to Xixia (~4000 BCE – 1200 CE) · North Chinese pastoral–agricultural; Xiongnu, Xianbei, Tangut
20-km sandstone rift on the Helan fault scarp preserving over 10,000 petroglyphs from 6 major phases: masked faces 4 ka, northern hunter reindeer, Zhou chariots, Xiongnu horse archers and Tangut…
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient village
Llactapata (Choquequirao Satellite)
Late Horizon 1450–1536 CE · Inca
Choquequirao solar outpost: doorway aligns solstice sunrise onto Choquequirao usnu 5 km across canyon.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Rock-cut
Myra — Rock Tombs South Cliff Niche (Demre)
Bronze to Iron Age (2000 BCE–300 CE) · Rock-cut tradition
Myra — Rock Tombs South Cliff Niche (Demre) in Antalya, Demre, Myra, Turkey is a Bronze to Iron Age (2000 BCE–300 CE) rock_cut attributed to Rock-cut tradi…
🇨🇱 Chile · Rock art
Punta Lobos
Archaic to Late Intermediate 5000 BCE–1500 CE · Chango-Chinchorro maritime
Coastal Changos maritime promise rock art and 4 m shell mounds on Atacama sea cliff, 5000 BCE–1500 CE.