🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Lothal
Mature Harappan 2450–1900 BCE · Indus Valley / Harappan
Harappan port town (2450–1900 BCE) on Sabarmati palaeochannel near Gulf of Khambhat, famed for 37×22 m brick basin interpreted as dockyard and tidal lock.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Mayapán Archaeological Zone
Maya Postclassic 1220–1440 CE · Maya (Cocom–League)
Walled capital 9 km wall, 4000 structures, League 1220–1440 CE.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Earthwork
Old Oswestry Hillfort Shropshire
Iron Age (800 BCE–43 CE) · Cornovii
Shropshire's most spectacular hillfort excavated by Varley 1939–40 atop hill with 3-circuit ramparts and ritual pits, view over Welsh Marches.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Megalith
Ring of Brodgar
Late Neolithic · Grooved Ware Orcadian
Massive henge and stone circle 104 m diameter, originally 60 stones (36 surviving). Enclosed by rock-cut ditch up to 10 m wide. Core of Heart of Neolithic Orkney.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Pyramid
Cañada de la Virgen — Bajío Observatory Hill Pyramid
Epiclassic (530–900 CE) Bajío observatory alignment · Otomi or Toltec-related Bajío astronomers
Cañada de la Virgen excavated by INAH 2002–, elite cemetery with 700 CE Otomi skulls.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Cuetlajuchitlán — Balsas Canyon City
Late Formative to Classic (800 BCE–300 CE) · Mezcala / Olmec derived
Cuetlajuchitlán — Balsas Canyon City in Guerrero, Mexico is a Late Formative to Classic (800 BCE–300 CE) ancient-city attributed to Mezcala / Olmec derived.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Cave
Peri Ali Beg Cave — Rawanduz Gorge
Middle Paleolithic to Neolithic (80000–7000 BCE) · Zagros Paleolithic (Hazar Merd group)
Peri Ali Beg Cave — Rawanduz Gorge in Erbil Governorate, Iraq is a Middle Paleolithic to Neolithic (80000–7000 BCE) cave attributed to Zagros Paleolithic (Hazar Merd group).
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Sesebi — Amenhotep IV Aten Town Sudanese Akhetaten
Amarna (Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten c.1365 BCE) New Kingdom Egyptian colony · Egyptian Amarna (Aten) colonial
Sesebi excavated by Fairman 1938, Aten talatat predecessor to Amarna 1365 BCE.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Ancient village
Flag Fen Bronze Age Centre
Bronze Age (1350–950 BCE) · Deverel-Rimbury
Flag Fen Bronze Age Centre in Cambridgeshire, The Fens, United Kingdom is a Bronze Age (1350–950 BCE) ancient village attributed to Deverel-Rimbury culture.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Sedeinga — Meroitic Pyramid Field North of Soleb
Meroitic (300 BCE–300 CE) late Meroitic queen tombs · Meroitic (Kandake/Amanishakheto tradition)
Sedeinga excavated by Francigny, 80 Meroitic pyramids 300 BCE–300 CE.
🇮🇱 Israel · Tell
Tel Burna
EB to Iron Age (c.3000–600 BCE; peak Canaanite–Philistine 1600–600) · Canaanite → Philistine? → Judah (Shephelah)
Tel Burna is Shephelah unfortified town (maybe Libnah?) excavated by Itzhaq Shai/Ariel University since 2009; LB courtyard palace, Iron Judahite silos and culti...
🇮🇱 Israel · Tell
Tel Lachish — Shefela
Bronze to Iron Age (1800–586 BCE) · Canaanite/Judahite
Tel Lachish — Shefela in Southern District, Shefela, Israel is a Bronze to Iron Age (1800–586 BCE) tell attributed to Canaanite/Judahite culture.
🇹🇿 Tanzania · Ancient city
Tumbatu Ruins — Zanzibar North
Swahili (12th–14th c. CE) · Swahili
Tumbatu Ruins — Zanzibar North in Zanzibar Island, Tanzania is a Swahili (12th–14th c. CE) ancient-city attributed to Swahili. Island town abandoned abruptly mid-14th c.
🇵🇪 Peru · Fortress
Apurlec — Chimu-Cusco Wall Border Fort Motupillo
Chimú to Inca border (1200–1470 Chimú; 1470 Inca modified La Frontera) · Chimú → Inca Chimu-Inca frontier wall Motupillo (Pativilca analog)
Apurlec surveyed by Kosok, 10 km walls.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Blaundos — Canyonside Acropolis Phrygia
Hellenistic to Byzantine (300 BCE–600 CE) · Hellenistic Macedonian foundation → Roman
Ulubey canyon city excavated by Turkish 2018–, Seleucid north gate intact, Demeter temple and canyon tombs.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock art
Gilf Kebir — Cave of Swimmers Annex Foggini-Mestekawi Cave
Holocene humid (7000–3000 BCE rock art) · Gilf hunter-gatherers (pre-pastoral)
Wadi Sura excavated by Almásy 1933 and Kuper 2009–, 7000 BCE hands, Lacan 7000.
🇺🇸 United States · Ancient village
Gran Quivira — Las Humanas Tompiro Pueblo Abandonment
Pueblo IV to 1672 Spanish mission · Tompiro Pueblo / Salinas Spanish Missions (Franciscan)
Gran Quivira excavated by Vivian & Toulouse 1923, 1672 drought depopulation 16,000 to 0.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Tell
Mundigak — Kandahar Bronze Age Mound
Chalcolithic–Bronze Age (4000–2000 BCE) Mundigak · Mundigak–Helmand
Mundigak — Kandahar Bronze Age Mound in Kandahar Province, Afghanistan is a Chalcolithic–Bronze Age (4000–2000 BCE) Mundigak tell attributed to Mundigak–Helmand.
🇮🇪 Ireland · Megalith
Carrowmore — Listoghil Central Dolmen
Neolithic (3700 BCE) · Irish Neolithic / Carrowmore
Carrowmore's centre excavated by P. Woodman 1977–82, dolmen with boulder circle and passage facing Knocknarea's Queen Maeve cairn.
🇮🇳 India · Tell
Gilund — Mewar Ahar Settlement
Chalcolithic (3000–1700 BCE) · Ahar-Banas
Gilund — Mewar Ahar Settlement in Rajasthan, India is a Chalcolithic (3000–1700 BCE) tell attributed to Ahar-Banas.
🇰🇪 Kenya · Ancient village
Kaya Mtswakara — Mijikenda Sacred Grove
Mijikenda (16th–20th c. CE) sacred still · Mijikenda (Giriama)
Kaya Mtswakara — Mijikenda Sacred Grove in Kilifi County, Kenya is a Mijikenda (16th–20th c. CE) sacred still ancient-village attributed to Mijikenda (Giriama).
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient village
Shahrud Khajeh? Actually Yarim Tepe II — Nineveh Region Halaf Village
Halaf–Hassuna (6000–5300 BCE) · Halaf culture
Shahrud Khajeh? Actually Yarim Tepe II — Nineveh Region Halaf Village in Nineveh Governorate, Iraq is a Halaf–Hassuna (6000–5300 BCE) ancient-village attributed to Halaf culture.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Zeidan — Euphrates Confluence Proto-City
Ubaid to Late Chalcolithic (5500–3300 BCE) · Ubaid → Uruk Northern variant
Confluence proto-city excavated by Stein 2008–10, Halaf-Ubaid pottery mass and urban street plan.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell es-Sweyhat — Euphrates
Early Bronze Age (3100–1900 BCE) · EBA Syrian
Tell es-Sweyhat — Euphrates in Raqqa Governorate, Euphrates, Syria is a Early Bronze Age (3100–1900 BCE) tell attributed to EBA Syrian culture.