🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Huchuy Qosqo
Early Late Horizon 1420–1438 CE (pre-Pachacuti) · Inca (pre-imperial)
Wiraqocha's 3600 m royal estate above Sacred Valley with 40 m Kallanka, terraces and reservoir 23 m.
🇵🇪 Peru · Archaeological wonder
Huánuco Viejo (Wankapampa)
Pre-Inca to Late Intermediate 400 BCE–1470 CE · Kotosh–Wanka (Yarowilca?)
Puna hilltop predecessor village 144 houses above Huánuco Pampa, 400 BCE–1470 CE.
🇺🇸 United States · Hydraulic works
Illinois and Michigan Canal
The Illinois and Michigan Canal connected the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River. In Illinois, it ran 96 miles (154 km) from the Chicago River in Bridgeport, Chicago, to the Illinois River at…
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Incahuasi de Lunahuaná (Cañete)
Late Horizon Inca Imperial (1480–1536 CE) · Inca (Topa Inca Yupanqui – Wanka campaign)
Planned Inca city founded by Topa Inca Yupanqui c.1480 to replicate Cusco as headquarters for conquering Guarco (Huarcu) kingdom of Cañete valley: full Qorikancha-like Temple of the Sun with…
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Inkilltambo
Late Horizon (c.1430–1532 CE) Inca · Inca
Inkilltambo is a large Inca terrace-estate 2 km east of central Cusco on the Watanay's right bank at 3,520 m.
🇵🇪 Peru · Megalith
Karajía Sarcophagi
Chachapoya Late Intermediate 1100–1480 CE · Chachapoya
2.5-m anthropomorphic sarcophagi on 2600-m cliff, 1100–1480 CE.
🇵🇪 Peru · Temple complex
Kotosh Archaeological Site — Temple of the Crossed Hands
Late Archaic–Initial 2300–1200 BCE · Kotosh–Mito tradition
Crossed Hands temple 1800 BCE, 10 superimposed Mito temples.
🇵🇪 Peru · Temple complex
Kotosh — Temple of the Crossed Hands Mito Temple
Preceramic Kotosh-Mito tradition (3000–1700 BCE; Temple of Crossed Hands 2300 BCE; White Temple 1800 BCE) · Kotosh-Mito tradition (Iso's) Kotosh religious Kotosh Religious Tradition 3000 BCE predecessor to Chavín
Kotosh Tokyo 1960 exposed-crossed hands 2300 BCE earliest Andes.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Kuelap
Chachapoya (Middle Horizon to Inca) · Chachapoya
Immense walled city on Andean ridge (500–1570 CE) of Chachapoya 'Warriors of the Clouds' with limestone dry-stone walls 19 m high, 3 entries tapering to 1 person, circular houses with zigzag friezes.
🇵🇪 Peru · Fortress
Kuelap — Chachapoya Cloud Fortress Ridge
Chachapoya (600–1470 CE) pre-Inca Chachapoya, later Inca garrison 1470 · Chachapoya (Warriors of the Clouds) → Inca
Amazonas Kuelap excavated by Langlois 1930s, 584 m fortress Walls breach 20 m, 412 houses, Chachapoya cloud city.
🇵🇪 Peru · Temple complex
Kuntur Wasi Archaeological Complex
Initial–Early Horizon 1000–250 BCE · Kuntur Wasi tradition
Gold-temple four platforms, gold burials 800 BCE.
🇵🇪 Peru · Megalith
La Congona Fortress
Late Intermediate Chachapoya 1100–1470 CE · Chachapoya
Ridge-top Chachapoya defensive hill-fort, 1100–1470 CE.
🇵🇪 Peru · Megalith
Laguna de los Cóndores (Leymebamba) Chachapoya Mausoleums
Late Horizon Chachapoya-Inca 1470–1532 CE · Chachapoya–Inca
219-mummy cliff mausoleum over alpine lake, 1470–1532 Chachapoya-Inca.
🇵🇪 Peru · Archaeological wonder
Laguna de los Cóndores Annex
Late Intermediate Chachapoya 1200–1470 CE, chachapoya mummy bundles · Chachapoyas
Northern annex of famed Laguna de los Cóndores cliff 150 m north of main 6-mausoleum group above lake: 8 painted gable-roofed chullpas (mausoleums) with tiered niches containing ~60 seated mummy…
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Las Aldas
Late Preceramic – Initial Period (c.2500–1000 BCE) – Casma-Sechín · Casma-Sechín (Preceramic to Initial)
Las Aldas is a monumental U-shaped temple-plaza on a coastal eolian terrace at Casma, Ancash, at 30 m above the Pacific.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient village
Llactapata (Choquequirao Satellite)
Late Horizon 1450–1536 CE · Inca
Choquequirao solar outpost: doorway aligns solstice sunrise onto Choquequirao usnu 5 km across canyon.
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Mangomarca
Late Intermediate (c.1200–1470 CE) – Lima and Ychsma-Chancay · Lima – Wari – Ychsma – Chancay
Mangomarca is a compound adobe pyramid-temple complex terraced on the right-bank terrace of the lower Rímac at San Juan de Lurigancho, Lima.
🇵🇪 Peru · Hydraulic works
Moray Agricultural Terraces
Late Horizon, Inca (~1300–1530 CE) · Inca
Three colossal natural depressions on the Maras plateau were amplified by Incas into concentric circular andenes up to 150 m across and 30 m deep, each terrace a microclimate ring with temperature…
🇵🇪 Peru · Geoglyph
Nazca Lines
Early Intermediate Period, Paracas to Nazca culture · Paracas / Nazca
Over 300 geometric and figurative geoglyphs etched by removing dark desert pavement to reveal light subsoil across 450 km² of arid Pampas, including 1.8 km hummingbird, monkey, spider, and trapezoids…
🇵🇪 Peru · Archaeological wonder
Ollantaytambo
Inca Imperial 15th century; continued as Neo-Inca stronghold 1537–1572 · Inca
Inca royal estate and ceremonial center in Sacred Valley with unfinished Temple Hill featuring six massive pink rhyolite monoliths (Wall of Six Monoliths) and extensive terraces that doubled as…
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Ollape
Late Intermediate Period 1000–1470 CE, Chachapoya culture before Inca conquest · Chachapoyas (Sachapuyos)
UNESCO tentative Chachapoyas 13-site serial nomination component 02 Ollape: hilltop citadel 5 ha at La Jalca with 100+ circular houses (diameter 4–7 m) with friezes of rhombic and zigzag stone inlay,…
🇵🇪 Peru · Hydraulic works
Qhapaq Ñan – Andean Road System
Inca Empire with antecedents Wari/Tiwanaku (~1000–1532 CE; Inca 1438–1532 CE) · Inca (with pre-Inca antecedents)
The backbone of Tawantinsuyu, Qhapaq Ñan runs 6,000 km along the Andean crest from Colombia to Chile, with east–west transversal roads totalling over 23,000 km.
🇵🇪 Peru · Temple complex
Raqchi — Temple of Wiracocha
Inca Late Horizon 1430–1532 CE · Inca (Tawantinsuyu)
Inca temple 92 m, 11 m wall, 152 qollqas, Wiracocha oracle.
🇵🇪 Peru · Megalith
Revash Mausoleums
Late Intermediate Chachapoya 1100–1470 CE · Chachapoya
Red-painted cliff chullpa houses 4–5 m tall, 1100–1470 CE Chachapoya.