🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Toricos — Southern Harbour at Toretae Cape
Archaic to Byzantine (6th c. BCE – 600 CE) · Toretae / Milesian Greek / Bosporan
Southern harbour of Toricos — rubble mole and galley slipway at 2–4 m off Gelendzhik Tonkiy Cape.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Akoris — Second Terrace Harbour at Tihna el-Gabal South (Nile Cliff South)
Old Kingdom to Byzantine (2700 BCE – 700 CE) · Pharaonic / Roman Egyptian
Southern terrace Nile harbour of Akoris at Tihna — 50 m quay revetment and tomb forecourt quay.
🇪🇸 Spain · Submerged site
Empúries (Emporion) – Greek–Roman Double Harbour
Archaic to Late Roman (575 BCE – 500 CE) · Phocaean Greek / Indiketan / Roman
Phocaean double harbour – Greek quay at –0.5 m off Neapolis and silted Riells basin, L'Escala.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Buto – Buried Harbour of the Cobra Goddess Wadjet, Tell el-Fara'in
Predynastic to Late Antique (4000 BCE – 400 CE) · Egyptian Predynastic / Early Dynastic / Saite / Ptolemaic
Wadjet cobra city — Early Dynastic palace 3400 BCE and Sebennytic harbour 500x200 m now sebkha at +2 m.
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Velia (Elea) – Phocaean Harbour at Ascea
Archaic to Roman (c. 540 BCE – 400 CE) · Phocaean Greek / Lucanian / Roman
Phocaean silted harbour now 1 km inland – buried ashlar mole and ship-sheds under 3 m alluvium at Ascea.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Gorgippia — Central Harbour Quarter (Anapa Bay Central)
Archaic to Late Antique (550 BCE – 260 CE) · Sindian / Bosporan Kingdom
Central city harbour of Gorgippia in Anapa Bay — 110 m quay at –2 m and salting vats.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Euhemeria — Qasr el-Banat Buried Town at Fayum North-Central (Kasr Banat)
Ptolemaic to Late Roman (305 BCE – 350 CE) · Greco-Roman Fayum
North-central Fayum grain port Euhemeria 1–2 m buried at Qasr el-Banat — double Harpocrates temple at –1 m and harbour basin 100×80 m.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Naupactus – Venetian–Ancient Harbour at Lepanto
Classical to Venetian (456 BCE – 1571 CE) · Athenian / Aetolian / Venetian
Athenian-to-Venetian harbour – Classical mole at –1 m under Venetian mole at Lepanto.
🇮🇳 India · Submerged site
Arikamedu – Indo-Roman Harbour of Podouke
Early Historic Iron Age to Medieval (c. 200 BCE – 1000 CE) · Tamil / Indo-Roman
Podouke silted brick quay 45 m at 1.5 m above former estuary – Rouletted ware warehouses.
🇨🇾 Cyprus · Submerged site
Kato Paphos Harbour – Submerged Breakwater
Hellenistic to Byzantine (320 BCE – 600 CE) · Ptolemaic / Roman / Byzantine
Ptolemaic harbour breakwater 300 m at –1.5 m off Paphos castle – quay at –1 m.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Meson — Lake Moeris Harbour at Fayum Southwest (Harbour of Moeris Southwest)
Ptolemaic to Late Roman (270 BCE – 300 CE) · Greco-Roman Fayum
Moeris southwest harbour Meson 1–2 m silted behind Wadi Rayyan bar — quay 50 m at –1.8 m and sluice 6 m at –2 m.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Submerged site
Tyritake — North Quay Submerged Harbour (Kerch Bay Tyritake North)
Archaic to Late Antique (570 BCE – 370 CE) · Milesian / Bosporan
North wine quay of Tyritake on Kerch Bay — 60 m quay at –1.5 m and vat terrace.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Cirra – Harbour of Delphi in the Gulf of Corinth
Geometric to Roman (c. 800 BCE – 400 CE) · Phocian / Delphi Amphictyony / Roman
Delphi's pilgrim harbour drowned 0.5–1 m off Galaxidi – rubble mole and silted basin beneath plain.
🇲🇱 Mali · Submerged site
Jenné-Jeno – Niger Inland Delta Harbour Mound, Mali
Iron Age to Medieval (c. 250 BCE – 1400 CE) · Soninke / Jenné-Jeno / Djenné
Inland Delta harbour mound 25 ha – seasonal wharves 200 m buried 1.5 m at Bani bank, Djenné.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Karanis — Lake Moeris Harbour Pier (Kom Aushim)
Ptolemaic to Byzantine (c.260 BCE – 450 CE) · Ptolemaic Greek / Roman Egyptian
Peak Fayum metropolis on Lake Moeris — harbour pier and quay 1–3 m under lake-edge reeds, papyrus capital of Arsine.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Myos Hormos — Mangrove Lagoon Harbour at Marsa Nakari (Aphrodite Port)
Ptolemaic to Roman (c.280 BCE – 150 CE) · Ptolemaic / Roman Egyptian
Myos Hormos system southern mangrove lagoon at Marsa Nakari — 0.5–1.5 m mangrove-enclosed harbour 18 km south of Marsa Alam, Nechesia hypothesis.
🇲🇷 Mauritania · Submerged site
Kumbi Saleh – Ghana Empire Harbour City, Mauritania
Ghana to Almoravid (c. 500–1200 CE) · Soninke Ghana / Almoravid / Wagadu
Ghana Empire caravan harbour 300×200 m dune-sealed at Kumbi Saleh – moated stone town 15 ha.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Bata — Lagoon Harbour at Novomyshastovskaya (Batskoe Gorodishche South)
Archaic to Late Antique (600 BCE – 400 CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan
Southern lagoon harbour of Maeotian Bata at Kuban Liman — 80 m timber quay at –1.5 m and fish weir.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Bata — Lagoon Harbour at Novomyshastovskaya (Batskoe Gorodishche South) — v2
Archaic to Late Antique (600 BCE – 400 CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan
Southern lagoon harbour of Maeotian Bata at Kuban Liman — 80 m timber quay at –1.5 m and fish weir.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Akoris — Second Terrace Harbour at Tihna el-Gabal (Nile Cliff)
Old Kingdom to Coptic (c.2500 BCE – 700 CE) · Egyptian / Ptolemaic / Roman
Nile cliff quarry town at Tihna — second harbour terrace slipway 2 m under talus 10 m above floodplain, limestone quay for Nile stone barges.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Myrina Harbour – Dredged Basin at Aliağa
Archaic to Roman (c. 700 BCE – 300 CE) · Aeolian Greek / Pergamene
Dredged river harbour 200×120 m at 0 m – outer mole at –1 m in Aliağa Bay.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Toricos — Gelendzhik Roadstead Harbour at Toretae Cape (Gelendzhik East)
Archaic to Late Antique (600 BCE – 400 CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan
Eastern roadstead of Toricos at Gelendzhik Tonkiy Cape — 60 m timber-stone quay at –3 m and roadstead anchors at –4 m.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Toricos — Gelendzhik Roadstead Harbour at Toretae Cape (Gelendzhik East) — v2
Archaic to Late Antique (600 BCE – 400 CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan
Eastern roadstead of Toricos at Gelendzhik Tonkiy Cape — 60 m timber-stone quay at –3 m and roadstead anchors at –4 m.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Toricos — Toretae Harbour South of Gorgippia (Anapa Cape)
Archaic to Hellenistic (c.600–100 BCE) · Sindian / Toretae with Greek imports
Toretae promontory harbour on Anapa south cape — small ashlar fort and submerged cove 1–3 m, Sindic coast chain between Bata and Gorgippia.