🇬🇹 Guatemala · Rock-cut
Kirk Dock Rock-Cut Complex
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Iron Age
Kirk Dock Rock-Cut Complex in Petén, Guatemala is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) rock_cut attributed to Iron Age culture.
🇮🇹 Italy · Rock-cut
Rock-Cut Tombs of Henge Nara Ditch
Harappan (2600–1900 BCE) · Harappan
Rock-Cut Tombs of Henge Nara Ditch in Sicily, Italy is a Harappan (2600–1900 BCE) rock_cut attributed to Harappan culture.
🇮🇱 Israel · Rock-cut
Rock-Cut Tombs of Aber Broch
Roman (300 BCE–500 CE) · Roman
Rock-Cut Tombs of Aber Broch in Negev, Israel is a Roman (300 BCE–500 CE) rock_cut attributed to Roman culture.
🇮🇳 India · Rock-cut
Ajanta Caves 9–10 — Early Hinayana Group
Satavahana (100 BCE) Hinayana; repainted 5th c. · Buddhist Hinayana then Mahayana
Ajanta Caves 9–10 — Early Hinayana Group in Maharashtra, India is a Satavahana (100 BCE) Hinayana; repainted 5th c. rock_cut attributed to Buddhist Hinayana then Mahayana.
🇫🇷 France · Rock-cut
Ollantaytambo Fountain Terrace West — Dordogne (Sarlat)
Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age
Ollantaytambo Fountain Terrace West in Dordogne, France is a Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) rock_cut attributed to Bronze Age culture.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Rock-cut
Kimberley Wandjina Spirit Panel West
Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) · Classical
Kimberley Wandjina Spirit Panel West in Oaxaca, Mexico is a Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) rock_cut attributed to Classical culture.
🇦🇺 Australia · Rock-cut
Pushkarini Tank Steps North — Kimberley (Broome)
Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) · Local Neolithic
Pushkarini Tank Steps North in Kimberley, Australia is a Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) rock_cut attributed to Local Neolithic culture.
🇮🇳 India · Rock-cut
Aqueduct Arch Section South — Tamil Nadu (Madurai)
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age
Aqueduct Arch Section South in Tamil Nadu, India is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) rock_cut attributed to Bronze Age culture.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Rock-cut
Kahta — Arsameia at Nymphaios Dexiosis Relief
Commagene (80–50 BCE Antiochus I) · Commagene Greek-Persian syncretism
Arsameia excavated by Dörner & Young 1935–64, inscription records founding by Arsames c.230 BCE and Antiochus reshaping.
🇮🇳 India · Rock-cut
Aurangabad Caves 6–7 — Nagthar Hill North Cluster
Vakataka–Kalachuri (450–600 CE) · Buddhist Mahayana Tantric
Aurangabad Caves 6–7 — Nagthar Hill North Cluster in Maharashtra, India is a Vakataka–Kalachuri (450–600 CE) rock_cut attributed to Buddhist Mahayana Tantric.
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram
Pallava Dynasty 580–728 CE (Mamalla and Rajasimha phases) · Tamil / Pallava Hindu (Shaiva/Vaishnava)
Pallava (7th–8th c CE) coastal temple town with 40 rock-cut shrines: Shore Temple granite seaside, Five Rathas monolithic chariot-temples cut from single boulders, Arjuna's Penance 27 m bas-relief,…
🇮🇳 India · Rock-cut
Kuda Caves — Buddhist Coastal Monastery
Satavahana to Traikutaka (200 BCE–500 CE) · Buddhist
Kuda Caves — Buddhist Coastal Monastery in Maharashtra, India is a Satavahana to Traikutaka (200 BCE–500 CE) rock_cut attributed to Buddhist.
🇮🇳 India · Rock-cut
Elephanta — North Bay Small Shrine Cave
Kalachuri–Rashtrakuta (550–600 CE) · Shaivite Hindu
Elephanta — North Bay Small Shrine Cave in Maharashtra, India is a Kalachuri–Rashtrakuta (550–600 CE) rock_cut attributed to Shaivite Hindu.
🇪🇹 Ethiopia · Temple complex
Rock-Hewn Churches of Lalibela
Zagwe dynasty · Ethiopian Orthodox
11 medieval monolithic rock-cut churches chiselled from tuff into trenches, connected by tunnels, built for King Lalibela as New Jerusalem pilgrimage site; UNESCO 1978.
🇮🇳 India · Rock-cut
Bagh Caves — Mahishmati Buddhist Vihara
Gupta to Vakataka (380–600 CE) · Buddhist Mahayana
Bagh Caves — Mahishmati Buddhist Vihara in Madhya Pradesh, India is a Gupta to Vakataka (380–600 CE) rock_cut attributed to Buddhist Mahayana. 9 Buddhist rock-cut viharas with 4th c.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Rock-cut
Gagai — Lycia Coastal Necropolis Annex
Lycian (500 BCE–200 CE) · Lycian
Gagai — Lycia Coastal Necropolis Annex in Antalya Province, Turkey is a Lycian (500 BCE–200 CE) rock_cut attributed to Lycian.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Rock-cut
Sidyma — Lycia Sunken Tomb
Lycian–Roman (400 BCE–200 CE) · Lycian–Roman
Sidyma — Lycia Sunken Tomb in Muğla Province, Turkey is a Lycian–Roman (400 BCE–200 CE) rock_cut attributed to Lycian–Roman. Sarcophagi field with Sidyma tombs on hillside above Calynda bay.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Akoris — Central Harbour Terrace at Tihna el-Gabal
Middle Kingdom to Coptic (2000 BCE – 600 CE) · Middle Kingdom Egyptian / Graeco-Roman
Central Nile harbour terrace of Akoris — rock-cut quay 40 m and basin at Tihna cliff foot buried 3–5 m.
🇮🇹 Italy · Rock-cut
Pantalica Anaktoron South Necropolis Ridge
Late Bronze Age (1300-800 BCE) · Sicel Culture
Pantalica Anaktoron South Necropolis Ridge in Sicily, Syracuse, Italy is a Late Bronze Age (1300-800 BCE) rock_cut attributed to Sicel Culture.
🇬🇷 Greece · Rock-cut
Armenoi (archaeological site)
Minoan civilization · Minoan civilization
Armenoi is the archaeological site of an ancient Minoan cemetery on the north coast of Crete, roughly 8 kilometres (5 miles) south of the modern town of Rethymnon and close to the Minoan peak…