🇵🇹 Portugal · Megalith
Cromlech Vale Maria do Meio
Late Neolithic (c.4000–3500 BCE) · Alentejo Megalithic (Évora tradition)
U-shaped Alentejo cromlech (34 menhirs, 10 x 12 m) near Almendres — open eastern entrance intermediate to squared Xerez.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Archaeological wonder
Deir el-Bersha
Early Dynastic to Late Period (2950–650 BCE; decorated peak Middle Kingdom) · Ancient Egyptian / Coptic
Hare nome necropolis with Djehutihotep colossus sledge 172 men and earliest Book of Two Ways coffins.
🇰🇷 South Korea · Tumulus
Cheonmachong Tomb (Heavenly Horse Tomb)
Three Kingdoms Silla 5th–6th c CE · Silla Three Kingdoms (Gyeongju Tumuli)
Cheonmachong (Tomb No.155) — Silla royal tomb (c.5th–6th c CE, Silla middle) 100 m west Hwangnam Daechong, Gyeongju Tumuli Park, excavated 1973 CHA (Kim Jeong-hak).
🇲🇽 Mexico · Pyramid
Cuicuilco Pyramidal Platform (Circular Basement)
Preclassic / Late Formative (Central Mexican Preclassic) · Cuicuilco (Basin of Mexico Preclassic)
Giant circular stepped pyramidal platform at Cuicuilco — 135 m diameter 20 m high 700–150 BCE, buried by Xitle lava eruption 245 CE.
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Huaca del Sol (Grand Moche Pyramid)
Early Intermediate Moche (100–800 CE, peak Moche III–IV 400–600 CE) · Moche (Mochica, north coast, Moche Valley capital)
Largest adobe structure in Americas: Huaca del Sol (Moche 100–800 CE, peak 400–600 CE) 342×159 m base, 41 m high preserved (original maybe 50 m) with four stepped platforms, built in ~140 million…
🇯🇵 Japan · Tumulus
Fujinoki Kofun Ikaruga
Kofun Late 6th c CE Asuka transition · Late Kofun Yamato royal — Ikaruga Horyuji corridor
Fujinoki Kofun Ikaruga — late 6th c CE keyhole kofun (zenpo-koen 50×48 m, two-chamber) 300 m west Horyuji temple at Ikaruga, Nara basin NW, excavated 1985–88 by Kashihara Archaeological Institute…
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Banat White Monument South
Early Bronze (3100–2300 BCE) · EB Syrian (Early Dynastic contemporary) → Mortuary complex
Tell Banat White Monument South is the southern suburb below the White Monument — a 20-m-high stepped earthen mortuary mound (100 m diam) south of Tell Banat cluster on the Euphrates.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Submerged site
Olbia Pontica — Parutyne Northern Mole on Bug Estuary (Borysthenes)
Archaic to Late Antique (600 BCE – 400 CE) · Milesian Greek / Bosporan
Northern mole of Olbia Pontica on Bug estuary at Parutyne — 120 m mole at –2 m and river quay with pilings.
🇵🇪 Peru · Temple complex
Wari Willka
Early Intermediate – Middle Horizon (c.200 BCE–1000 CE) Wari – Wanka · Wari – Wanka
Wari Willka in Huari village 6 km south of Huancayo, Junín, is a Mantaro Valley Wari oracle temple at 3,250 m.
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Sannati
Mauryan 3rd c BCE → Satavahana 1st c BCE–3rd c CE · Mauryan–Satavahana Deccan Buddhist (Bhima valley)
Sannati — major Early Historic Buddhist stupa complex (3rd c BCE–3rd c CE) on Bhima River at Sannati, Kalaburagi district, excavated 1986–2002 by A. Sundara (ASI Dharwad) and later Karnataka Dept.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Temple complex
Dendera Temple of Hathor
Late Ptolemaic to Roman (54 BCE–117 CE; zodiac 50 BCE) · Ptolemaic Egyptian / Roman
Best-preserved Hathor temple with 24 sistrum columns, crypt 'Dendera light' reliefs and zodiac ceiling (54 BCE).
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Ancient city
La Corona
Early to Late Classic (520 – 790 CE) · Maya (Kaanul vassal)
La Corona in Petén, Guatemala is a Early to Late Classic (520 – 790 CE) ancient city attributed to Maya (Kaanul vassal) culture.
🇸🇾 Syria · Megalith
Qarassa Dolmen Field and Tell Qarassa North
PPNB to Middle Bronze Age (8700–2000 BCE; dolmens EB I–MB) · PPNB (southern Syria) → Ghassulian → EBA Hauran megalithic
PPNB ritual tell capped by Syria's largest basalt dolmen necropolis (>200 dolmens).
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Huaca de los Reyes — Main Pyramid of Caballo Muerto (Moche Valley, Peru)
Initial Period (1800–900 BCE), Early Horizon transition · Cupisnique-Caballo Muerto (Formative Andean)
Most elaborate Initial Period (1500–1200 BCE) platform pyramid (40x30 m base, U-shaped complex 55x35 m overall) within 2 km² Caballo Muerto field of eight mounds (Moche Valley).
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
El-Kurru Royal Pyramid Field (Napata Ancestral)
Early Napatan (Tumulus c.890–750 BCE, Napatan pyramids 750–650 BCE) · Kushite (Early Napatan, 25th Dynasty founders, Egyptianised post-Piye)
Ancestral royal cemetery of Kush at Napata (890–650 BCE, Tumulus generation to early Napatan) with 20 pyramids (Ku. Tum. 1–6 early tumulus-pyramids 12 m, Ku.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Bulla Regia
Numidian to Late Roman (6th c BCE–5th c CE; villas 2nd–4th c) · Numidian / Carthaginian / Roman
Unique Numidian–Roman town with two-storey subterranean villas and intact hunt mosaics preserved by burial.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Besshatyr Outlier Mound 16 (Shylbyr Adjunct)
Late Saka (post-Besshatyr royal) · Late Saka with Chinese contact
Besshatyr outlier M16: 48-m isolated mound 2.5 km NE with Balbal stela and Chinese mirror, 300 BCE.
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Punkurí — Adobera Temple Pyramid (Nepeña Valley, Ancash, Peru)
Initial Period / Early Horizon (1700–800 BCE) · Nepeña Formative / Cupisnique–Chavín
Early Formative coastal pyramid-mound (1700–1200 BCE) predating Chavín, now incongruously dominated by 30-m-high adobera (adobe-brick) knoll built over U-shaped temple.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Archaeological wonder
Beni Hasan
Old to Middle Kingdom (2350–1750 BCE; painted peak Twelfth Dynasty) · Ancient Egyptian
39 nomarch cliff tombs 2100–1750 BCE with Asiatic caravan 37 and wrestling 219 pairs proto-Doric.
🇧🇬 Bulgaria · Ancient city
Solnitsata (Provadia-Solnitsata)
Late Neolithic to Chalcolithic (Karanovo–Varna sequence) · Hamangia → Varna → Gumelnița associated
Earliest prehistoric town in Europe (c.5600–4350 BCE, Late Neolithic–Chalcolithic) — fortified stone-walled (3 m thick) salt-production centre at Mirovo rock salt spring, the oldest salt mine in…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Kekova – Sunken City of Dolichiste (Simena)
Lycian to Byzantine (Hellenistic 4th c. BCE – 7th c. CE) · Lycian / Greek / Roman / Byzantine
Lycian harbour town Dolichiste subsided by 2nd c. earthquakes along 500 m of Kekova Island — sarcophagi awash.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Mes Aynak Monastery Complex
Kushan-Gandhara 3rd c BCE Bronze Age mining → Buddhist 3rd–7th c CE · Gandhara–Sassanian Buddhist (Kushan–Shahi)
Mes Aynak Monastery Complex — major Buddhist settlement (3rd–7th c CE, Bronze Age mines beneath) 40 km SE Kabul, world's 2nd largest copper deposit overlying 100-acre (40 ha) monastery.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Jebel Barkal Pyramid Necropolis
Napatan period (750–300 BCE, peak 700–500 BCE) temples from New Kingdom 1500 BCE · Kushite (Napatan, Amun priests of Barkal)
Pyramid field at sacred mountain Jebel Barkal (Napata capital, 750–300 BCE): ~30 pyramids 10–15 m base clustered at north, west, south groups around 98 m mesa with pinnacle.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Pyramid
Tepe Gawra Mound — Erbil Plain
Chalcolithic to Middle Bronze Age (5000–1500 BCE) · North Mesopotamian (Halaf-Ubaid, Uruk, Akkadian)
Tepe Gawra Mound — Erbil Plain in Nineveh Governorate / Kurdistan, Erbil plain, 25 km NE Mosul, Iraq is a Chalcolithic to Middle Bronze Age (5000–1500 BCE) pyramid/mound site attributed to North…