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🇵🇰 Pakistan · Hydraulic works
Harappan Mature (2600-1900 BCE) · Harappan
Mohenjo-daro Great Bath Western Drain Annex — Western Terrace in Sindh, Larkana, Pakistan is a Harappan Mature (2600-1900 BCE) hydraulic attributed to Harappan.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
British-Egyptian Modern with Pharaonic quarry context · British-Egyptian engineers (Willcocks, Benetti) on Pharaonic Nile
South spillway 350 m south of Aswan Low Dam with 58 buttress sluices on granite outcrop.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Early South Arabian (800 BCE-600 CE) · Sabaean
Marib Great Dam North Sluice Annex in Marib Governorate, Yemen is a Early South Arabian (800 BCE-600 CE) hydraulic attributed to Sabaean.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Sabaean (900–500 BCE) · Sabaean
Sabaean retainer dam (9.5 m high, 220 m crest) on Wadi Khanas tributary 18 km northeast of Marib Dam (1,120 m), with 2.8 km rock-cut feeder canal to Marib north sluice extension.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Hydraulic works
Early Bronze Age IA · Ghassulian–Early Bronze IA (Proto-Jawa)
Eastern 72-m basalt dam and canal feeding Jawa proto-city — earliest desert irrigation.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Achaemenid to Sasanian · Achaemenid / Sasanian (with Roman prisoners)
390-m Karun diversion weir (5th c BCE /260 CE) — head of Shushtar mills system.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Old Kingdom to Ptolemaic · Old–New Kingdom Pharaonic, Ptolemaic Greek Egyptian
2.1-km Pharaonic granite canal linking unfinished obelisk quarry to First Cataract Nile.
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Vakataka–Gupta (250–550 CE) · Vakataka (Deccan) – Gupta contemporaneous
Vakataka–Gupta palace city (5th–6th c)—38×38 m palace, Shiva–Vishnu temple, 170×40 m dammed reservoir at Nagpur.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Sabaean to Himyarite · Kingdom of Saba (Sabaean South Arabian) then Himyar
480-m east rockfill barrage of Great Marib Dam at Balaq Hills gap.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Hydraulic works
Early Abbasid (Harun al-Rashid–Al-Amin) · Abbasid (Zubaydah bint Ja'far patronage)
Ayn Zubaydah: 35-km Abbasid 809 CE spring aqueduct from Wadi Nu'man to Haram, Makkah.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Sasanian to Safavid (500–1700 CE) · Sasanian–Islamic
Highland qanat chain at Deh-shir plain Mehriz County (1,450 m) with 18 km gallery from Shir Kuh massif (3,200 m) alluvial fan piedmont.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Sasanian to Kakuyid (450 CE, repaired 1050 CE) · Sasanian Zagros (Eqlid terrace farmers)
Tang-e Boraq: 420-m Sasanian 450 CE cliff aqueduct in 85-m Zagros gorge, Eqlid 30.55N 52.32E.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Hydraulic works
Early Bronze Age IA · Proto-Jawa
1.8-km spate canal feeding 12-ha bunded fields north of Jawa town.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Hadramawt Kingdom (500 BCE–400 CE) · Hadrami
Hadrami spate diversion (8 m high, 180 m) on Wadi Jirdan west distributary 4 km upstream of Shabwa paleo-delta (720 m), with 3 km earthen bund canal and field system 120 ha still visible as ‘fossil’…
🇸🇾 Syria · Hydraulic works
Umayyad (Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik) · Umayyad steppe palace culture
Hayr Gharbi: 16-km Umayyad 727 CE limestone canal from Harbaka Dam to steppe palace 34.52N 38.12E.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Sasanian (Shapur I–II) · Sasanian Persian
180-m Sasanian gravity dam (240–380 CE) on Minab tributary — 300,000 m³ for Minab palms.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Hadhrami Old South Arabian · Hadhramawt kingdom
220-m Hadhrami diversion dam (700 BCE–400 CE) on Wadi Jirdan tributary — Hadramawt palm irrigation.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Sabaean to Himyarite · Kingdom of Saba
210-m saddle subsidiary dam 4 km NE of Great Marib storing Jufaynah tributary.
🇹🇭 Thailand · Hydraulic works
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Khui Rat Buri? Actually Ancient Canal North (Ratchaburi, Thailand) in Ratchaburi, Khu Bua Canal, Thailand is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) …
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Hydraulic works
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Hegra — Ancient Well North (Mada'in Salih, Saudi Arabia) in Al Madinah, Hegra, Saudi Arabia is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attr…
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Hydraulic works
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Mohenjo-daro — Great Bath Ancillary Drain in Sindh, Larkana, Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attributed t…
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Fayum — Shaduf North Field Canal Ancillary (Fayum, Egypt) in Fayum, Fayum Depression, Egypt is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attr…
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Shushtar — Ancient Bridge-Weir North (Khuzestan, Iran) in Khuzestan, Shushtar, Iran is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attributed t…
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Ma'rib — Ancient Dam North (Yemen, Sabaean) in Ma'rib, Ma'rib Dam North, Yemen is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attributed to Hyd…
