🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Earthwork
Fiskerton Causeway
Iron Age, Early to Middle La Tene 456-395 BCE · Iron Age La Tene Lincolnshire
456/395 BCE Iron Age timber causeway (175 m) at Fiskerton, Witham Valley with 11 votive swords and logboats.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Myndus – Drowned Carian Harbour at Gümüşlük
Archaic to Late Antique (700 BCE – 600 CE) · Dorian Greek / Carian / Roman / Byzantine
Dorian Myndus — 150 m causeway to Rabbit Island and drowned harbour walls at −3 m in Gümüşlük Bay, walkable at low tide.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Ancient city
Llanos de Mojos — Cedro Forest Island and Western Lagoon at Casarabe Central (Moxos Oeste)
Late Pre-Columbian (500 – 1400 CE) · Casarabe (Llanos de Moxos)
Casarabe Cedro West forest island 12 m high 300 m with causeway 800 m to lagoon 200 m and field ridges 2 km; Llanos de Moxos hydraulic.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Ancient city
Llanos de Mojos — Cedro Forest Island and Western Lagoon at Casarabe Central (Moxos Oeste) — v2
Late Pre-Columbian (500 – 1400 CE) · Casarabe (Llanos de Moxos)
Casarabe Cedro West forest island 12 m high 300 m with causeway 800 m to lagoon 200 m and field ridges 2 km; Llanos de Moxos hydraulic.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Ancient village
Star Carr Extension — Seamer Carr & Flixton Island Mesolithic Lakesides (Vale of Pickering)
Early Mesolithic (Maglemosian, 9000–8500 BCE, Preboreal) · British Early Mesolithic (Maglemosian, Star Carr group)
Seamer Carr 350-m brush causeway and 3 Maglemosian houses (9000–8500 BCE) — Lake Flixton extensions of Star Carr.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Soknopaiou Nesos — Northern Lagoon Harbour at Dime (Lake Moeris North)
Ptolemaic to Roman (270 BCE – 230 CE) · Greco-Roman Fayum / Sobek cult
Northern lagoon harbour of Soknopaiou Nesos at Dime — 60 m quay at –3 m and 200 m crocodile causeway behind evaporite flats.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Soknopaiou Nesos — Northern Lagoon Harbour at Dime (Lake Moeris North) — v2
Ptolemaic to Roman (270 BCE – 230 CE) · Greco-Roman Fayum / Sobek cult
Northern lagoon harbour of Soknopaiou Nesos at Dime — 60 m quay at –3 m and 200 m crocodile causeway behind evaporite flats.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Earthwork
Llanos de Mojos — Cotoca Northern Causeway (Beni Causeway North, Mojos)
Casarabe (500–1400 CE) · Casarabe
Northern causeway of Cotoca in Mojos — 1.4 km ×10 m causeway with canals to forest island.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Ancient village
Flag Fen Southern Extension & Mustdyke Timber Causeway (Fengate, Peterborough)
Late Bronze Age (Ewart Park, 1300–900 BCE) · Fenland Late Bronze (Deverel–Rimbury, 1300–900 BCE)
380-m southern Flag Fen causeway extension (1220–1120 BCE) — double-post drove way to Whittlesey.
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Motya – Punic Causeway Harbour, Isola di Mozia
Phoenician to Classical (c. 800–397 BCE) · Phoenician / Carthaginian
Phoenician lagoon island with 1 km submerged causeway at –0.5 m and cothon harbour, Stagnone.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Submerged site
Thabraca (Tabarka) – Numidian–Roman Double Harbour
Numidian to Genoese (c. 400 BCE – 1542 CE) · Numidian / Carthaginian / Roman / Genoese
Numidian marble-shipping double harbour – causeway at –0.5 m and Roman quay at –1 m off Tabarka island.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Porthmion — Chushka Spit Harbour at Chushka North (Kerch Strait Chushka)
Classical to Late Antique (5th c. BCE – 370 CE) · Bosporan Greek
Chushka Spit ferry harbour of Porthmion at Kerch Strait — 100 m rubble causeway at –2 m with wheel ruts and customs quay 60 m.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Porthmion — Chushka Spit Harbour at Chushka North (Kerch Strait Chushka) — v2
Classical to Late Antique (5th c. BCE – 370 CE) · Bosporan Greek
Chushka Spit ferry harbour of Porthmion at Kerch Strait — 100 m rubble causeway at –2 m with wheel ruts and customs quay 60 m.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Earthwork
Llanos de Mojos — Casarabe Forest Island Laguna Central East (Moxos East)
Casarabe (500–1400 CE) · Casarabe
Eastern forest island laguna of Casarabe in Mojos — 12 m mound on 18 ha island and 800 m causeway.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Ancient village
Kuhikugu — Western Plaza Cluster K9 at Seki Lake (Xingu West)
Late Pre-Columbian (900 – 1650 CE) · Xinguano Arawak / Kuhikugu
Western Kuhikugu plaza K9 250×150 m at Seki Lake west — causeway 500 m ×12 m and reservoir 100 m under gallery forest; Xinguano.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Ancient village
Kuhikugu — Western Plaza Cluster K9 at Seki Lake (Xingu West) — v2
Late Pre-Columbian (900 – 1650 CE) · Xinguano Arawak / Kuhikugu
Western Kuhikugu plaza K9 250×150 m at Seki Lake west — causeway 500 m ×12 m and reservoir 100 m under gallery forest; Xinguano.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Earthwork
Llanos de Moxos – Casarabe Culture Monuments
Late Intermediate, Casarabe culture · Casarabe (Moxos) savanna farmers
1,000 km of causeways + 147 forest-island cities (500–1400 CE) in seasonally flooded Beni savanna.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Submerged site
Lake Titicaca — Pilko Kaina Bay Submerged Temple Reef
Tiahuanaco to Inca (c.600 – 1532 CE) · Tiahuanaco / Inca (Pilko Kaina Inca palace hypothesis)
Titicaca highest submerged temple — 10×8 m offering reef and 120 m causeway 2–8 m under lake at 3810 m off Pilko Kaina, Tiahuanaco-Inca votive gold/mullu.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Lost city
Llanos de Mojos — Casarabe Eastern Forest Island (Laguna San José)
Middle Horizon to Late Intermediate (c.500 – 1400 CE) · Casarabe culture
Casarabe eastern forest island at Laguna San José — polygonal ditch, 6 m platform and 1 km causeway under forest, 500–1400 CE.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Gigthis (Bou Grara)
Punic to Byzantine (6th c BCE–7th c CE; Roman peak 2nd c) · Punic / Roman / Byzantine
10-ha causeway port with unique twin Antonine and Old Forums and Djerba lagoon mole.
🇪🇨 Ecuador · Lost city
Upano — Kilamope East Plateau Lidar City (Sangay / Upano Valley)
Formative to Regional Development (c.500 BCE – 800 CE) · Kilamope / Upano cultures
Upano Valley eastern plateau lidar city 12 km east of Sangay — twin platforms, 20 mounds and causeway-field grid 500 BCE–800 CE.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Marietta Earthworks
Middle Woodland Hopewell (100 BCE–500 CE) · Hopewell (Marietta phase)
Hopewell ceremonial complex (100 BCE–500 CE) at confluence of Muskingum and Ohio Rivers, originally three enclosures: Capitolium Square (150×110 m terraced platform and graded way), Quadranaou double…
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Pyramid
Topoxté Island Pyramids
Maya Postclassic (Ko'woj) · Maya Ko'woj (Itza-Ko'woj frontier)
Lake-island Postclassic capital Topoxté (1200–1450 CE) in Lake Yaxhá: 14.7 m Temple C flat-roofed pyramid with central Mexican Postclassic traits on fortified islet.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Delos–Rheneia Causeway – Cycladic Sacred Harbour Dromus
Classical to Hellenistic (426 BCE – 88 BCE Sulla/Mithridates sack) · Athenian / Cycladic Delian League
Sacred processional causeway 250 m linking Apollo's Delos to Rheneia necropolis — basalt slabs now –1 to –3 m on channel reef.