🇪🇸 Spain · Megalith
Dolmen de Viera
Neolithic – Early Copper Age (c.3850–3000 BCE) · Antequera Chalcolithic / Alcoreños
Antequera World Heritage (70 m from Menga) — 21 m corridor dolmen with 27 orthostats and equinox orientation.
🇵🇹 Portugal · Ancient city
Castro of Zambujal
Chalcolithic – Early Bronze Age (c.3000–1700 BCE) · Vila Nova de São Pedro / Bell Beaker (Estremadura)
Atlantic Copper Age hilltop proto-town (3000–1700 BCE) with walls, bastions, barbican and Bell Beaker metallurgy.
🇵🇹 Portugal · Ancient city
Castro of Vila Nova de São Pedro
Chalcolithic (c.3000–2000 BCE) · Vila Nova de São Pedro (Iberian Chalcolithic / Bell Beaker)
Iberian Chalcolithic type-site (3000–2000 BCE) — three-walled fortified settlement with bastions and copper workshop on Tagus plain.
🇷🇴 Romania · Tell
Petreşti Tell (Pianu de Jos–Petreşti)
Middle to Late Chalcolithic (Petreşti A-B) · Petreşti (Vinča → Gumelniţa contemporary Transylvanian)
Type-site of Petreşti painted ware culture (c.5000–3500 BCE, Middle to Late Chalcolithic) — Transylvania's Late Neolithic polychrome (red-white-black geometric) rivalling Cucuteni, on Sebeș River…
🇷🇴 Romania · Tell
Gumelniţa Tell
Late Chalcolithic (Karanovo VI–Gumelniţa) · Gumelniţa–Karanovo VI–Varna complex
Type-site of Gumelniţa culture (c.4700–3950 BCE, Late Chalcolithic), 4-m tell on Danube Borcea island dominating copper-trade axis: two-storey Tell houses with plastered benches, Varna-grade copper…
🇪🇸 Spain · Megalith
Los Millares
Chalcolithic (Copper Age) · Los Millares culture
Copper Age fortified town near Almería (3200-2200 BCE) with walls, aqueduct and 80 tholos tombs defining Los Millares culture.
🇪🇸 Spain · Megalith
Tholos de Montelirio
Chalcolithic · Valencina Copper Age / Los Millares horizon
Seville Chalcolithic tholos with 40 m corridor and sun-motif slabs, part of 400 ha Valencina copper town.
🇷🇸 Serbia · Ancient village
Vinča-Belo Brdo
Early to Late Neolithic/Chalcolithic (Starčevo→Vinča) · Vinča culture (Old Europe)
Type-site of the Vinča culture (5700–4500 BCE), the most advanced Neolithic-Copper Age tell in Southeast Europe: 9 m cultural layer, 13 habitation horizons, figurines (Lady of Vinča), proto-writing…
🇧🇬 Bulgaria · Buried city
Varna Necropolis
Late Chalcolithic / Copper Age · Varna culture (Karanovo VI/Gumelnița)
Chalcolithic cemetery (4600–4200 BCE) with world's oldest worked gold hoard — 3,000 gold objects, 6.5 kg, in Grave 43 (status male with gold penis sheath) and 294 other graves, demonstrating earliest…