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🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Ancient city
Hellenistic 330–145 BCE → Yuezhi–Kushan 145 BCE–350 CE → Sasanians 350–500 CE · Greco-Bactrian → Kushan–Sogdian (Oxus trade)
Oxus port fortress (330 BCE–500 CE) at Kampir hill 30 km west Termez — Hellenistic gate, Kushan quay and Alexander port contender.
🇹🇯 Tajikistan · Temple complex
Late Hepthalite 600–700 CE → Tokharistan 700–800 CE (Arab frontier) · Tokharistan Buddhist (Ajina school polychrome late Gandhara–Hephthalite)
Waksh giant Buddhist vihara (7–8 c. CE) near Qurghonteppa — 100×50 m monastery with 12 m Parinirvana Buddha and Turkic mural donors.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Rock-cut
Kushan 50–350 CE → Sasanians 350–400 CE · Kushan Buddhist (Gandharan–Termez school)
Kushan rock-cut cave monastery (50–400 CE) at Kara Tepe NW Termez — 20 caves and Kharosthi–Brahmi–Bactrian trilingual on Amu Darya.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Temple complex
Kushan (1st–3rd century CE) · Kushan Buddhist
Kushan Buddhist monastery on Termez oasis — fresco hall with Alexander-processional mural (1st–3rd cent CE).
