🇺🇸 United States · Ancient city
Blood Run Site
Late Prehistoric Oneota (Blood Run phase 1500–1700 CE) · Oneota (ancestors Dakota-Ioway)
Largest Oneota town 1500–1700: 76 mounds and boulder enclosure, 6,000 residents on Big Sioux.
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CategoriesAncient cities
Capitals, ports and metropolises that rose, fell and were found again.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age urban
Tell Leilan — Acropolis Lower Town Gate in Al-Hasakah, Tell Leilan, Syria is a Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attributed to Bronze …
🇺🇸 United States · Ancient city
Late Prehistoric Oneota (Blood Run phase 1500–1700 CE) · Oneota (ancestors Dakota-Ioway)
Largest Oneota town 1500–1700: 76 mounds and boulder enclosure, 6,000 residents on Big Sioux.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Bronze Age (c.2000–1187 BCE), peak Late Bronze 1500–1187 BCE · Amorite → Mittanian → Hittite viceregal
Euphrates LB city 10 ha (1200 tablets, Baal/Astarte twin temples) on Lake Assad shore.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Numidian to Byzantine (3rd c. BCE–7th c. CE; peak 1st–4th c. CE) · Numidian / Roman / Byzantine
Thubursicum Bure (modern Téboursouk) controls the Khalled–Siliana pass, a Berbero-Roman municipium with Massylian roots.
🇬🇷 Greece · Ancient city
Minoan Palatial (2700–1450 BCE) · Minoan
Akrotiri — West House Annex North Room (Thera) in South Aegean, Cyclades, Santorini, Greece is a Minoan Palatial (2700–1450 BCE) ancient city attributed to…
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age urban
Apamea — North Colonnade Insula (Orontes) in Hama, Apamea, Qalaat al-Madiq, Syria is a Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attributed to…
🇸🇪 Sweden · Ancient city
Viking Age (750–975 CE) · Scandinavian Viking Age
Viking Age emporium on Björkö island in Lake Mälaren, founded c.750 CE and abandoned c.975, with fortified town area (Borg), harbour, cemeteries of over 3,000 graves and famous chamber grave Bj 581.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Submerged site
Punic to Late Antique (6th c. BCE – 6th c. CE) · Punic / Caesarian Roman
Caesar's 46 BCE supply port opposite Thapsus — Punic mole slabs now under Monastir fishing lagoon at –1 to –2 m.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Ubaid to Hellenistic (3500 BCE–200 BCE; peak Neo-Assyrian 856–610 BCE) · EBA → Mitanni → Syro-Hittite → Aramean Bit-Adini → Neo-Assyrian
Kar-Shalmaneser lower town 856 BCE — Aramean to Assyrian glazed palace.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Late Chalcolithic–Uruk (4500–3000 BCE) pre-Uruk urbanism · Local North Syrian (Hamoukar culture)
Tell Hamoukar — Early Urban Center South Extension in Al-Hasakah Governorate, Syria is a Late Chalcolithic–Uruk (4500–3000 BCE) pre-Uruk urbanism ancient-city attributed to Local North Syrian…
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient port
Phoenician 1100 BCE → Roman Septimian 211 CE Arch of Septimius, harbour 200 CE Severan 600 m lighthouse 35 m high · Phoenician Leptis (Neapolis) → Roman Septimius Severus hometown (Emperor 193 CE) harbour built hometown glory
Leptis Magna harbour Italian 1920s, Severus hometown 200.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Late Horizon Inca Resistance 1536–1572 · Inca (Neo-Inca State)
Inca Vilcabamba resistance capital: Rosaspata palace, Yurak Rumi 2.5 m white shrine and Ñusta Hispana.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Neo-Hittite Iron I–II (1200–717 BCE) over Late Bronze · Neo-Hittite / Aramaean
Carchemish Outer Town in Gaziantep Province, Euphrates ford, Turkey is a Neo-Hittite Iron I–II (1200–717 BCE) over Late Bronze ancient city attributed to Neo-Hittite / Aramaean.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Phoenicio-Punic to Byzantine (8th c. BCE–7th c. CE; peak 2nd c. BCE–4th c. CE) · Phoenician / Punic / Roman / Byzantine
Leptis Minor (Leptiminus, modern Lamta) was Byzacena's other Leptis, Phoenician 8th c. BCE foundation distinct from Libyan Leptis Magna.
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Iron Age III Median (c.750–600 BCE) · Median (pre-Achaemenid Iranian)
Hilltop Median triad 60 km S of Hamadan: West Temple with small fire altar inside a sanctuary, Central Temple with vaulted altar niche, and hypostyle Columned Hall (12 wooden posts on stone bases) –…
🇻🇳 Vietnam · Ancient city
Early Dai Viet Dinh–Le 968–1009 · Dai Co Viet (Kinh)
First capital of centralized Đại Cồ Việt after independence (968–1010 CE) — fortress between limestone karst towers (Tam Coc–Trang An) and river at Hoa Lu, Dinh (968) and Early Le (980) citadels —…
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Early Dynastic to Mittani (3000–1200 BCE) Hurrian Urkesh · Hurrian (Urkesh) then Mittani Washshukanni? debate
Tell Mozan West Annex — Urkesh Outer Palace in Al-Hasakah Governorate, Syria is a Early Dynastic to Mittani (3000–1200 BCE) Hurrian Urkesh ancient-city attributed to Hurrian (Urkesh) then Mittani…
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Islamic Fezzan (8th–15th c. CE; peak 10th–13th c.) · Garamantian / Islamic (Ibadi-Berber)
Zawila (Zuwayla) in Fezzan is a medieval Garamantian–Islamic oasis city, 8th–15th c. capital after Germa (Garama) decline.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Pyramid
Late Classic Maya (Chenés) · Maya (Chenés / Río Bec)
Chenés monster-mouth pyramid Structure II at Hormiguero — 12 m stepped pyramid with 6 m Witz doorway c.600–850 CE.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Early to Late Bronze Age (3000 BCE early; city 2800 BCE; Mycenaean 1680 BCE flooded 1000 BCE earthquake) · Early Minoan to Mycenaean (Minoan harbour 2800 BCE, Mycenaean grid 1680 BCE Flemming)
Pavlopetri Flemming 1967 oldest (5000 yr), Henderson 2009 3-ha grid 3 m.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Tell
Neolithic–Iron Age (c.6100–600 BCE) plus later · Halaf → Ubaid → Ninevite 5 → ED–Akkadian → Mittanian–Assyrian
Sinjar plain megamound 80 ha (Halaf–Assyrian 6k yr sequence, 25 m high) near Tel Afar.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Pyramid
Late Classic Maya 600–900 CE · Maya (Chontal-Jaina, Gulf)
Northern brick barrio of only brick-built Maya city: three temples with stamped oyster-shell bricks on swamp platform.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Late Chalcolithic 3800–3100 BCE (Phases A–B2) then Roman farmstead · Late Chalcolithic → Uruk contact/colonial → Roman
Uruk contact citadel lower town — Late Chalcolithic B2 Uruk colony (3600 BCE).
🇯🇴 Jordan · Ancient city
Roman to Umayyad (3rd–8th c CE; Byzantine peak 5th–8th c) · Roman / Byzantine / Ghassanid / Umayyad
Desert frontier city on Via Nova Traiana, Umm ar-Rasas contains Roman castrum, five Byzantine churches with superb mosaic floors, and the intact 14×6 m mosaic map in St Stephen's Church (718 CE) –…
