⌂Ancient cities

🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city

Wassu Quarry Outlier — Fezzan (Sebha)

Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Classical

Wassu Quarry Outlier in Fezzan, Libya is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) ancient city attributed to Classical culture.

🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city

Amara West — Ramesside New Town

New Kingdom Ramesside (1300–1070 BCE) · Egyptian (Ramesses II / Seti I)

Amara West — Ramesside New Town in Northern State, Sudan is a New Kingdom Ramesside (1300–1070 BCE) ancient-city attributed to Egyptian (Ramesses II / Seti I).

🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city

Diana Veteranorum (Aïn Zana / Zana)

Roman / Byzantine · Roman

Trajanic veteran settlement of Legio III Augusta (100–117 CE) with perfect grid, forum, arch, macellum and aqueduct feeding nymphaeum. Named for Diana whose forests ringed town, oil-press economy.

🇬🇹 Guatemala · Ancient city

Kaminaljuyu

Classic · Maya/Andean

Kaminaljuyu — 200 mounds under Guatemala City.

🇨🇱 Chile · Ancient city

Tikal Twin Pyramid — Atacama (Copiapo)

Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Classical

Tikal Twin Pyramid in Atacama, Chile is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) ancient city attributed to Classical culture.

🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Ancient city

Yerkurgan

Hellenistic to Kushan (320 BCE–500 CE) · Seleucids to Kushans (Yuezhi)

Yerkurgan is a Hellenistic–Kushan city (30 ha) near Karshi with Kushan palace, Greek Corinthian capitals, and Buddhist temple on the Silk Road.

🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city

Galindo — Late Moche Coastal Enclave Post-Moche Transition

Late Moche / Transitional (600–800 CE) to Wari influence · Late Moche → Wari (transitional Moche V to coastal Wari)

Moche transition Galindo excavated by Bawden 1980s, Wari presence after Moche southern collapse.

🇯🇴 Jordan · Tell

Tell Deir Alla — Balaam Inscription

Late Bronze Age to Iron Age (1500–700 BCE) · Canaanite / Aramean / Israelite

Tell Deir Alla — Balaam Inscription in Jordan Valley, Jordan is a Late Bronze Age to Iron Age (1500–700 BCE) tell attributed to Canaanite / Aramean / Israelite.

🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Ancient city

Zar Tepe

Kushan to Sasanian (1st–5th century CE) · Kushan → Sasanian Kidarites

Kushan–Sasanian delta city in Surkhandarya — 15 ha shahristan mapped by multispectral remote sensing.

🇪🇨 Ecuador · Ancient city

Agua Blanca — Machalilla / Manteño spa

Formative to Integration (1500 BCE–1532 CE) · Machalilla to Manteño / Valdivia predecessor

Agua Blanca — Machalilla / Manteño spa in Manabí Province, Ecuador is a Formative to Integration (1500 BCE–1532 CE) ancient-city attributed to Machalilla to Manteño / Valdivia predecessor.

🇮🇹 Italy · Ancient city

Gnatia

Gnatia, Egnatia or Ignatia (Ancient Greek: Egnatia) was an ancient city of the Messapii, and their frontier town towards the Salentini.

🇩🇿 Algeria · Fortress

Gemellae South Bastion (El Kasbat Ridge)

Roman (Hadrian to Diocletian) · Roman (Numidia, Fossatum)

Fossatum Africae southern rampart and ditch bastion south of Gemellae.

🇦🇲 Armenia · Fortress

Karmir Blur (Teishebaini)

Urartian (c.685–590 BCE Rusa II) · Urartu → post-Urartian Scythian

Huge fortress (300 × 200 m) with massive ashlar rampart, beer brewery vats, inscribed bronze shields, Teisheba tower and a lower town archive of cattle tribute.

🇸🇾 Syria · Tell

Tell Arabid (Tell Erbid)

Early Jezirah I–III (c.3000–2200 BCE) · Ninevite-5 → Early Dynastic Jezirah

30-ha EB town with nine-phase Ninevite-5 through ED III defensive wall, gate with corbel vault, “Animal House” kitchen with fauna scatters, eye-idol temple and Soviet-Polish plan 7 stratified ED…

🇮🇶 Iraq · Tell

Tell Harmal

Old Babylonian (c.2000–1750 BCE; peak c.1800 BCE) · Isin-Larsa → Old Babylonian (Amorite-Eshnunna)

Best-preserved Old Babylonian planned town (2.25 ha, 150×150 m orthogonal walled) with twin temples (Šara, Bēlet-Agade), admin complex (3000 tablets including a...

🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city

Zitha (Ziana)

Punic to Byzantine (3rd c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Punic / Roman (Tripolitana)

Causeway waystation over sebkha between Zarzis and Gigthis.

🇮🇱 Israel · Ancient city

Avdat Highland Annex — Negev Nabataean Town Extension

Nabataean to Byzantine (300 BCE–600 CE) · Nabataean (Aretas)

Avdat Highland Annex — Negev Nabataean Town Extension in Southern District, Israel is a Nabataean to Byzantine (300 BCE–600 CE) ancient-city attributed to Nabataean (Aretas).

🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city

Doukki Gel — Kerma Ceremonial City

Kerma (2500–1500 BCE) + Egyptian overlapping · Kerma / Egyptian

Doukki Gel — Kerma Ceremonial City in Northern State, Sudan is a Kerma (2500–1500 BCE) + Egyptian overlapping ancient-city attributed to Kerma / Egyptian.

🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city

Sagalassos — Antonine Nymphaeum Upper Agora

Hellenistic to Early Byzantine (333 BCE–700 CE peak 2nd c. CE) · Pisidian → Roman Imperial

Toros Pisidian city excavated by Waelkens 1990–, earthquake 540 CE disruption, Antonine cascade reconstructed 2014.

🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city

Shahdad — Kerman Bronze Age Oasis

Early Bronze Age Jiroft–Shahdad (3000–2000 BCE) · Jiroft culture (Halil Rud)

Shahdad — Kerman Bronze Age Oasis in Kerman Province, Iran is a Early Bronze Age Jiroft–Shahdad (3000–2000 BCE) ancient-city attributed to Jiroft culture (Halil Rud).

🇧🇿 Belize · Ancient city

Lubaantun

Late Classic Maya · Maya

Lubaantun in Toledo District, Belize is a Late Classic Maya ancient city attributed to Maya culture. Settlement complex with stratified occupation, demonstrating urban planning and craft production.

🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city

Mopsuestia — Pyramidal Pyramid Road Station

Hittite Mopsos to Roman (1300 BCE–400 CE) · Mopsos/House of Mopsos, Roman Mamistra

Mopsuestia — Pyramidal Pyramid Road Station in Adana Province, Turkey is a Hittite Mopsos to Roman (1300 BCE–400 CE) ancient-city attributed to Mopsos/House of Mopsos, Roman Mamistra.

🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city

Susa Acropolis

Ubaid to Islamic (c.4200 BCE–1300 CE; peak Elamite–Achaemenid) · Susa I–II → Elamite → Achaemenid → Parthian–Sasanian → Islamic

Elamite and Achaemenid acropolis (14 ha, 25 m high) at Susa, capital of Elam and Darius I winter capital. French excavat...