🇳🇬 Nigeria · Fortress
Katsina Hillfort of Dutsin Ma
Medieval Hausa to Sokoto period (13th–19th c. CE) · Hausa (Katsina)
Granite inselberg hillfort south of Katsina with rock gongs.
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CategoriesFortresses
Walls, citadels and hill forts.
🇱🇾 Libya · Fortress
Ptolemaic to Byzantine (3rd c BCE – 7th c CE) · Ptolemaic / Roman / Byzantine (Cyrenaica–Marmarica)
Desert–lagoon frontier tower at Marmarica's Cyrenaica edge, Boreum guarded the coastal road's last water before Egyptian desert and lagoon fishery.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Fortress
Medieval Hausa to Sokoto period (13th–19th c. CE) · Hausa (Katsina)
Granite inselberg hillfort south of Katsina with rock gongs.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Fortress
Humayma (Arabic: الحميمة, romanized: al-Humayma) also spelled Humeima and Humaima, is the modern name of ancient Hawara.
🇱🇻 Latvia · Fortress
Burtnieki (German: Burtneck) is a village (population 488) in Burtnieki Parish, Valmiera Municipality, in the Vidzeme region of Latvia, near Lake Burtnieks. Administrative centre of Burtnieki Parish.
🇭🇺 Hungary · Fortress
Aquincum (Latin: [aˈkᶣɪŋkũː], Hungarian: [ˈɒkviŋkum]) was an ancient city, situated on the northeastern borders of the province of Pannonia within the Roman Empire.
🇦🇱 Albania · Fortress
Borsh Castle (Albanian: Kalaja e Borshit) also known as Sopot Castle (Albanian: Kalaja e Sopotit) from the hill it is located, is a historic castle near the village Borsh, Albania, near the coast of…
🇮🇱 Israel · Fortress
Nabataean–Roman (100 BCE–300 CE) · Nabataean then Roman (Petra–Gaza road)
En Hazeva — Nabataean–Roman Road Station Annex in Southern District, Israel is a Nabataean–Roman (100 BCE–300 CE) fortress attributed to Nabataean then Roman (Petra–Gaza road).
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Roman to Byzantine (1st–7th c. CE) · Numidian / Roman-Christian (Donatist/Catholic)
Episcopal twin-church city in Souk Ahras hills with schism basilicas.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Fortress
Roman to Byzantine (2nd–7th c. CE) · Roman (Numidia)
Outlier fortlet of Thubunae on Hodna rim with 6-tower enceinte.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Roman (1st–7th c CE; colony under Trajan) · Roman (Numidia)
Mountain road colony with large baths fed by Aurès springs, arch of Caracalla and Byzantine chapel, on Theveste–Lambaesis road.
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Iron Age II–III (c.1200–550 BCE) · Iranian Iron (Persian pre-history)
Qazvin plain Iron Age type-site: four-period red-slipped citadel with storeroom jars red-burnished late Bronze to Iron I transition, “Sagzabad Ware”.
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Moche Late (600–750 CE Transitional Moche V state, crucial 2012 Pampa Grande polity) · Late Moche → Wari overlap 750 collapse
Pampa Grande excavated by Shimada— 600–750 Moche V large city border.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Numidian to Byzantine (3rd c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Numidian / Roman / Berber
Aurès pass city with bazina tumuli and thermal baths.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Fortress
Dun Ringill (Gaelic: Dùn, 'fort', Ringill, 'point of the ravine') is an Iron Age hill fort on the Strathaird peninsula on the island of Skye, Scotland.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Fortress
Sokoto period (19th c. CE; Gobir resistance) · Hausa (Gobir)
Late Gobir fortified birni (4.2 km) after 1808 fall of Al Kalawa.
🇫🇷 France · Fortress
Fort Saint-Jean (French pronunciation: [fɔʁ sɛ̃ʒɑ̃]; Occitan: Fort Sant Joan) is a fortification in Marseille, built in 1660 by Louis XIV at the entrance to the Old Port.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Fortress
Achaemenid to Kushan (400 BCE–400 CE) Khorezm · Khorezmian
Koy-Krylgan Kala — Khorezm Fortress in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan is a Achaemenid to Kushan (400 BCE–400 CE) Khorezm fortress attributed to Khorezmian.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Fortress
Kakavaberd or Kaqavaberd (Armenian: Կաքավաբերդ, Eastern Armenian Kak'avaberd), also known as Geghi Berd, Keghi Berd or Kegh (Գեղի բերդ Gełi Berd), is a fortress on a ridge overlooking the Azat River…
🇪🇸 Spain · Ancient city
El Argar Bronze Age (2200–1550 BCE) · El Argar
Totana hill city excavated by Lull & Micó since 2009, type-site of Argaric urbanism, with fortified acropolis and extramural cemeteries.
🇮🇱 Israel · Fortress
Iron Age II to Roman (900 BCE–300 CE) · Judahite then Nabataean–Roman
Hazeva Fort — Arava Fortress Line in Southern District, Israel is a Iron Age II to Roman (900 BCE–300 CE) fortress attributed to Judahite then Nabataean–Roman.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Hydraulic works
Anastasian Roman (505–530 CE) · Eastern Roman (Anastasius Justinian)
Tur-Abdin Roman city built to block Persian Nisibis, excavated by Keser 1986–, Procopius De Aedificiis description intact.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Archaeological wonder
Roman (124–400 CE) · Roman (Hadrianic)
Housesteads Roman Fort in Northumberland, Hadrian's Wall, United Kingdom is a Roman (124–400 CE) archaeological wonder attributed to Roman (Hadrianic) culture.
🇵🇪 Peru · Fortress
Chimú to Inca border (1200–1470 Chimú; 1470 Inca modified La Frontera) · Chimú → Inca Chimu-Inca frontier wall Motupillo (Pativilca analog)
Apurlec surveyed by Kosok, 10 km walls.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Fortress
Hasmonean (90 BCE) rebuilt Herod 30 BCE; Baptist tradition 29 CE · Hasmonean / Nabataean / Herodian
Mukawir excavated by Piccirillo & Virgilio, baptistery cistern and Josephus Ant.18.119 locale.
