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CategoriesHillforts
Hilltops ringed with ramparts and ditches, built for defence and display.
🇩🇪 Germany · Earthwork
Hallstatt (600–400 BCE) · Hallstatt Celtic princely seat
Danube's Heuneburg excavated by Kimmig 1950–, mudbrick Mediterranean-style wall unique north of Alps, rich tumuli like Hohmichele nearby.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Hillfort
Scythian (6th–4th century BCE) · Scythian / Early Slavic (reuse)
Well-preserved Scythian promontory hillfort at Khotiv on Kyiv's southern edge (Vita valley), 48 ha with 3 ramparts and ditches enclosing a plateau with Scythian houses and later Zarubintsy reuse.
🇩🇰 Denmark · Hillfort
Viking Age (c.980 CE) · Danish Viking Age
Viking ringfort 120 m diameter near Hobro, North Jutland, contemporary with Trelleborg (Harald Bluetooth), with identical four-gate geometry and 16 houses plus a cemetery of 30 graves including wagon…
🇦🇲 Armenia · Earthwork
Bronze Age (1500 BCE cyclopean) reused 19th Molokan · Bronze Age cyclopean → Molokan settlers 1920
Harich cyclopean.
🇸🇰 Slovakia · Earthwork
Early Middle Ages (8th–10th c. Great Moravian periphery; Avar preceding) · Great Moravian frontier / Slavic elite, later Magyar
Bojná-Valy Stronghold and Ritual Centre in Nitra Region, Topoľčany District, Bojná village, Považský Inovec mountains, Slovakia is a Early Middle Ages (8th–10th c.
🇨🇿 Czech Republic · Earthwork
Early Middle Ages (8th–10th c. Great Moravian, Bohemian later; Bronze Age hillfort substratum) · Great Moravia – Pálava stronghold
Pavlov-Děvičky Hillfort (Pálava) Great Moravian in South Moravia, Břeclav district, Pavlov village, Pálava Hills Děvičky ( Maiden Castle) hill, Czech Republic is a Early Middle Ages (8th–10th c.
🇲🇩 Moldova · Earthwork
Iron Age Thraco-Getic (5th–3rd c. BCE) + Moldovan monastery 1776– · Thraco-Getae / Getae-Dacians
Saharna Thraco-Getic Hillforts and Rock Monastery in Rezina District, Saharna village on Nistru (Dniester) right bank, Moldova is a Iron Age Thraco-Getic (5th–3rd c.
🇵🇱 Poland · Earthwork
Early Middle Ages (8th–11th c. Piast Poland, first capital 940–1039) · Piast Poland (Mieszko I, Bolesław I)
Gniezno – Early Piast Stronghold on Lech Hill in Greater Poland Voivodeship, Gniezno city, Lech Hill cathedral hill, Poland is a Early Middle Ages (8th–11th c.
🇪🇸 Spain · Ancient village
Iron Age (800 BCE-100 CE) · Castro Culture
Castro de Baroña Coastal Annex Terrace — Southern Extension in Galicia, A Coruna, Spain is a Iron Age (800 BCE-100 CE) ancient village attributed to Castro Culture.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Fortress
Iron Age to Hellenistic (c.800–100 BCE) · Neo-Assyrian → Neo-Babylonian → Achaemenid
Babylonian-Persian mountain fortress Kirshu on Taurus spur with palace terraces and 30 m tunnel.
🇪🇸 Spain · Hillfort
Iron Age (600–100 BCE) · Iron Age
Zamora Hillfort El Castillón Outer Wall in Castile and León, Zamora, Spain is a Iron Age (600–100 BCE) hillfort attributed to Iron Age.
🇪🇸 Spain · Hillfort
Iron Age (600–100 BCE) · Iron Age
Los Millares Outer Fort 1 in Andalusia, Almería, Santa Fe de Mondújar, Spain is a Iron Age (600–100 BCE) hillfort attributed to Iron Age.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Hillfort
Iron Age (600–100 BCE) · Iron Age
Trevelgue Head Cliff Castle in Cornwall, Newquay, United Kingdom is a Iron Age (600–100 BCE) hillfort attributed to Iron Age.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Hillfort
Iron Age (600–100 BCE) · Iron Age
Carn Brea Inner Rampart in Cornwall, Carn Brea, United Kingdom is a Iron Age (600–100 BCE) hillfort attributed to Iron Age.
🇸🇪 Sweden · Fortress
Migration Period → Vendel 400–800 Gotland · Gotlandic Iron Age (Gutar, East Scandinavian)
Stavgard — Gotlandic ringfort (Migrations–Vendel Period 400–800 CE, with Iron Age reuse) on Stavgard farm ridge, Burs parish, southeastern Gotland, 35 km southeast Visby.
🇱🇻 Latvia · Earthwork
Viking Age to Middle Ages (800–1255 CE) · Latgallian / Semigallian → Livonian Order
Aizkraukle Hillfort on the Daugava in Vidzeme, Aizkraukle Municipality, Daugava right bank, Latvia is a Viking Age to Middle Ages (800–1255 CE) Latgallian / Semigallian → Livonian Order site built…
🇱🇹 Lithuania · Earthwork
Early Middle Ages (850–1250 CE) · Curonian / Baltic
Apuolė Hillfort – Earliest Lithuanian Stronghold in Klaipėda County, Skuodas District, Apuolė village, Lithuania is a Early Middle Ages (850–1250 CE) Curonian / Baltic site built pre-850 CE, siege…
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Hillfort
Late Chalcolithic Trypillia C1–C2 (3600–3400 BCE) Galicia · Cucuteni-Trypillia C1 Galicia–Podolia (Usatovo contact)
Monastyrok — Trypillia C1 hillfort (c.3600–3400 BCE, 3 ha, fortified promontory) on Seret River above Dniester, Chortkiv, Galicia–Podolia.
🇷🇴 Romania · Tell
Hamangia to Iron Age (5000 BCE–100 CE; stratotype Cernavodă I 4000–3200 BCE) · Hamangia → Gumelniţa → Cernavodă I–III → Geto-Dacian Iron
Cernavodă stratotype 4000 BCE — namesake Cernavodă I with hamangia base.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Hillfort
Early Iron Age (800–400 BCE) · Hallstatt / Early Iron Age
Traprain Law — Summit Cairn Terrace in Scotland, East Lothian, United Kingdom is a Early Iron Age (800–400 BCE) hillfort attributed to Hallstatt / Early Ir…
🇯🇴 Jordan · Hillfort
Middle Bronze Age (2100–1550 BCE) · Middle Bronze Age
Bailey Hill Fort in Ma'an Governorate, Jordan is a Middle Bronze Age (2100–1550 BCE) hillfort attributed to Middle Bronze Age culture.
🇦🇺 Australia · Hillfort
Middle Bronze Age (2100–1550 BCE) · Middle Bronze Age
Zara Wold Fan Camp in New South Wales, Australia is a Middle Bronze Age (2100–1550 BCE) hillfort attributed to Middle Bronze Age culture.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Megalith
Neolithic to Early Medieval · Dál Riata (Gaelic) over Neolithic substratum
Hillfort capital of Dál Riata atop rock in Moine Mhòr, with Neolithic art and royal footprint carving.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Hillfort
Byzantine (330–1453 CE) · Byzantine
Roxby Dale Hill Fort in Tassili n'Ajjer, Algeria is a Byzantine (330–1453 CE) hillfort attributed to Byzantine culture.
