🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Lilybaeum – Punic Harbour of Marsala
Punic to Medieval (396 BCE – 1200 CE) · Carthaginian / Greek / Roman
Punic naval harbour with ashlar mole at –1 m off Marsala's Capo Boeo – Carthage's western bastion.
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Turris Libisonis – Roman Harbour at Porto Torres
Late Republican to Medieval (46 BCE – 1200 CE) · Roman / Vandal / Byzantine
Caesar's Sardinian colony harbour – 200 m pozzolana eastern mole at –1 to –2.5 m under Porto Torres.
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Portus Claudius & Trajan's Hexagon – Imperial Harbour Basins of Claudius and Trajan
Roman Imperial (42–64 Claudian, 103–113 Trajan) · Roman Claudian/Trajanic
Rome's 234-ha Claudian outer moles and 32-ha Trajan hexagonal inner basin — outer moles now lagoonal –1 to –2 m in Maccarese wetland.
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Heloros – Submerged Quay of Southeast Sicily
Archaic Greek to Late Antique (700 BCE – 5th c. CE) · Syracusan Greek / Sicilian Sicel
700 BCE Syracusan colony at Vendicari lagoon — quay slabs and fish tanks half in sea at –0.5 to –3 m behind 3.5 km walls.
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Nora – Phoenician Submerged Harbour at Pula, Sardinia
Phoenician to Late Antique (800 BCE – 600 CE) · Phoenician / Punic / Roman / Nuragic
8th c. BCE Nora Stone Phoenician colony — 120 m quay at −3 m off Capo di Pula isthmus with 7 wrecks at −8 m.
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Inner Baiae Settlement A — Baiae (58-10)
Neolithic (regional) · Neolithic
Inner Baiae Settlement A — Baiae (58-10) at Baiae, Italy is a Neolithic (regional) submerged city of the Neolithic tradition, built c. 200 CE for settlement and associated settlement.
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Helorus – Submerged Quay of the Sicilian Greek Port
Archaic to Late Antique (700 BCE – 400 CE) · Greek Syracusan / Roman
Syracusan colony 700 BCE — 120 m submerged ashlar quay at −3 m on the Tellaro mouth where Athenians landed in 413 BCE.
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Populonia – Etruscan Iron Harbour at Baratti
Etruscan Archaic to Roman (c. 700 BCE – 300 CE) · Etruscan / Roman
Etruscan iron-smelting harbour drowned under Baratti slag beach – quay blocks at –1 to –2 m.
🇮🇹 Italy · Buried city
Sybaris — Crati Delta Southern Stoa Buried Quarter (Sibari South)
Archaic to Hellenistic (720 – 300 BCE) · Achaean Greek / Sybarite
Southern stoa quarter of Sybaris 5 m under Crati alluvium — 80 m Doric stoa at –5 m and potters' kilns south of main park.
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Baiae Submerged Nymphaeum of Claudius
Bronze Age to Classical (2000 BCE–300 CE) · Bronze Age–Classical
Baiae Submerged Nymphaeum of Claudius in Campania, Baiae, Italy is a Bronze Age to Classical (2000 BCE–300 CE) submerged city attributed to Bronze Age–Classical.
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Caulonia – Achaean Harbour at Monasterace
Archaic to Hellenistic (c. 700–200 BCE) · Achaean Greek / Bruttian
Achaean colony harbour drowned at Punta Stilo – mole blocks at –1.5 m off Monasterace Marina.
🇮🇹 Italy · Buried city
Sybaris — Trapezoid Trench Buried Second City (Sybaris–Thurii–Copia)
Archaic to Roman (720 BCE – 300 CE) · Achaean Greek / Thurian / Roman
Achaean Sybaris underneath 6 m Crati alluvium — western trapezoid buried port quay and archaic stoa, 3 cities stacked.
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Portus Julius – Agrippa's Volcanic Naval Harbour at Lake Avernus
Roman Republican (37 – 12 BCE) · Roman Augustan (Agrippa)
Agrippa's 37 BCE volcanic-rim war harbour joining Lake Avernus to Lucrine Lake — causeway dam now –1 to –6 m under Lucrinus lagoon.
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Central Baiae Citadel East — Baiae (58-12)
Chalcolithic (regional) · Chalcolithic
Central Baiae Citadel East — Baiae (58-12) at Baiae, Italy is a Chalcolithic (regional) submerged city of the Chalcolithic tradition, built c. 1200 BCE for citadel and associated settlement.
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Inner Baiae Mound West — Baiae (58-40)
Classical (regional) · Classical
Inner Baiae Mound West — Baiae (58-40) at Baiae, Italy is a Classical (regional) submerged city of the Classical tradition, built c. 1800 BCE for mound and associated settlement.
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Velia (Elea) – Phocaean Harbour at Ascea
Archaic to Roman (c. 540 BCE – 400 CE) · Phocaean Greek / Lucanian / Roman
Phocaean silted harbour now 1 km inland – buried ashlar mole and ship-sheds under 3 m alluvium at Ascea.
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Motya – Punic Causeway Harbour, Isola di Mozia
Phoenician to Classical (c. 800–397 BCE) · Phoenician / Carthaginian
Phoenician lagoon island with 1 km submerged causeway at –0.5 m and cothon harbour, Stagnone.
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Northern Baiae Mound Central — Baiae (58-31)
Early Historic (regional) · Early Historic
Northern Baiae Mound Central — Baiae (58-31) at Baiae, Italy is a Early Historic (regional) submerged city of the Early Historic tradition, built c. 1800 BCE for mound and associated settlement.
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Inner Baiae Citadel Outer — Baiae (58-32)
Medieval (regional) · Medieval
Inner Baiae Citadel Outer — Baiae (58-32) at Baiae, Italy is a Medieval (regional) submerged city of the Medieval tradition, built c. 3000 BCE for citadel and associated settlement.
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Royal Baiae Terrace Outer — Baiae (58-08)
Medieval (regional) · Medieval
Royal Baiae Terrace Outer — Baiae (58-08) at Baiae, Italy is a Medieval (regional) submerged city of the Medieval tradition, built c. 2500 BCE for terrace and associated settlement.
🇮🇹 Italy · Ancient port
Portus Julius — Agrippa's Warport Lake Avernus Canal
Roman (37 BCE Agrippa Lake Lucrino-Avernus warport for Agrippa's fleet vs Sextus Pompey, Abandoned 12 BCE Misene) · Roman Augustan military harbor Julius (37–12 BCE)
Portus Julius canal excavated by Borriello & D' Agostino, Cocceius tunnel to Avernus.
🇮🇹 Italy · Ancient port
Misene — Misenum Roman WarFleet Base Mole
Roman Imperial (12 BCE–5th c. CE Classis Misenensis largest fleet 10,000 men, 100 ships, Pliny the Elder died 79 CE here) · Roman Imperial Naval (Augustus to late antiquity)
Misenum naval base surveyed, Pliny Elder 79.
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Drowned Harbour Mole West
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Iron Age
Drowned Harbour Mole West in Pozzuoli Bay, Italy is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) submerged city attributed to Iron Age culture.