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CategoriesSubmerged sites
Harbours, towns and monuments now beneath the sea or a lake.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Roman to Mamluk (25 BCE – 1450 CE) · Roman / Islamic (Ayyubid-Mamluk)
Western mangrove bay of Quseir al-Qadim at Marsa Nakari west — gypsum quay at –1.2 m and 14th c. Islamic warehouses.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Roman to Mamluk (25 BCE – 1450 CE) · Roman / Islamic (Ayyubid-Mamluk)
Western mangrove bay of Quseir al-Qadim at Marsa Nakari west — gypsum quay at –1.2 m and 14th c. Islamic warehouses.
🇮🇱 Israel · Submerged site
Early Bronze to Crusader (c. 3500 BCE – 1270 CE) · Canaanite / Philistine / Phoenician / Hellenistic / Roman / Crusader
Philistine pentapolis roadsteads – anchor fields and rubble dog-leg breakwater 2–4 m offshore of Ashkelon tell.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Submerged site
South Arabian to Himyarite (c. 500 BCE – 630 CE) · Hadrami / Himyarite
Hadrami sea harbour rock-cut channel 600 m at –0.5 m off Bir Ali – mole with incense altars.
🇯🇵 Japan · Submerged site
Pseudoarchaeology (2012–present) · Pseudoarchaeology (Yonaguni secondary)
Yonaguni south terrace second pseudo at 25 m – bedding-plane ledge 500 m south of Monument, no moat.
🇮🇳 India · Submerged site
Iron Age Sangam to Early Chola (c. 500 BCE – 500 CE) · Tamil Sangam / Early Chola
Sangam Chola drowned wharf 1.5 km at –2 to –4 m off Kaveri mouth – U-breakwater at –4 m.
🇮🇱 Israel · Submerged site
Middle Bronze to Ottoman (c. 2000 BCE – 1917 CE) · Canaanite / Phoenician / Hellenistic / Roman / Crusader / Ottoman
Crusader capital's double harbour – Hellenistic mole 100 m at –3 m and Tower of Flies islet mole submerged.
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Phoenician to Classical (c. 800–397 BCE) · Phoenician / Carthaginian
Phoenician lagoon island with 1 km submerged causeway at –0.5 m and cothon harbour, Stagnone.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Submerged site
Numidian to Genoese (c. 400 BCE – 1542 CE) · Numidian / Carthaginian / Roman / Genoese
Numidian marble-shipping double harbour – causeway at –0.5 m and Roman quay at –1 m off Tabarka island.
🇱🇾 Libya · Submerged site
Archaic Greek to Early Islamic (560 BCE – 643 CE) · Greek Cyrenean / Ptolemaic / Roman
Overlapping Greek harbours of Euesperides (560 BCE) and Berenice (247 BCE) preserved as lagoon moles and fish-tanks under Benghazi lagoon.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Classical to Byzantine (360 BCE – 700 CE) · Dorian Greek / Hellenistic / Roman / Byzantine
Cape Crio twin harbours — northern trireme sheds silted and southern mole now 3.2 m submerged, warning yachts at Knidos.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Classical to Late Antique (5th c. BCE – 370 CE) · Bosporan Greek
Chushka Spit ferry harbour of Porthmion at Kerch Strait — 100 m rubble causeway at –2 m with wheel ruts and customs quay 60 m.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Classical to Late Antique (5th c. BCE – 370 CE) · Bosporan Greek
Chushka Spit ferry harbour of Porthmion at Kerch Strait — 100 m rubble causeway at –2 m with wheel ruts and customs quay 60 m.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Classical to Venetian (456 BCE – 1571 CE) · Athenian / Aetolian / Venetian
Athenian-to-Venetian harbour – Classical mole at –1 m under Venetian mole at Lepanto.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Submerged site
Archaic to Late Antique (600 BCE – 370 CE) · Milesian Greek / Bosporan Kingdom
North mole of Bosporan capital Pantikapaion at Kerch Bay — 140 m ashlar-concrete mole at –2 m.
🇮🇳 India · Submerged site
Early Historic Iron Age to Medieval (c. 200 BCE – 1000 CE) · Tamil / Indo-Roman
Podouke silted brick quay 45 m at 1.5 m above former estuary – Rouletted ware warehouses.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Middle Kingdom (2000 – 1650 BCE) · Middle Kingdom Egyptian
Southern 12th dynasty anchorage of Mersa Gawasis — slipway 80 m at –1 m with copper workshop 6 m behind reef bar.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Middle Kingdom (2000 – 1650 BCE) · Middle Kingdom Egyptian
Southern 12th dynasty anchorage of Mersa Gawasis — slipway 80 m at –1 m with copper workshop 6 m behind reef bar.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Submerged site
Pseudoarchaeology (2021–present) · Pseudoarchaeology (Dogger-Atlantis mashup)
Celtic Shelf pseudo-Atlantis stretching Doggerland to Humber at 54°N 1.5°E – unverified plain crop.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
331 BCE – Medieval (331 BCE – 1422 CE harbour active) · Ptolemaic/Hellenistic / Roman / Byzantine
Alexandria's Portus Magnus — twin harbour, Heptastadion mole and 3500 fallen Pharos blocks 4–12 m down in Eastern Harbour.
🇮🇱 Israel · Submerged site
Middle Bronze to Ottoman (c. 1800 BCE – 1917 CE) · Canaanite / Egyptian / Phoenician / Persian / Hellenistic / Roman / Crusader / Ottoman
Biblical reef harbour of Andromeda – Byzantine seawall and Ottoman jetty 1–5 m down in Andromeda Reef gap.
🇧🇸 Bahamas · Submerged site
Pseudoarchaeology (1978–present) · Pseudoarchaeology (Cayce Atlantis extension)
South Bimini second beachrock bar 80 m at –5 m south of main Road – same jointed beachrock not harbour wall.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Natural feature
Pleistocene paleo-island (exposed > 20k – c. 11,600 BP); Atlantis claim 9600 BCE · Natural Quaternary; claimed Atlantis early Holocene (Plato source)
56 m deep paleo-island off Tangier — Collina-Girard's 2001 Atlantis candidate drowned 11,600 yr ago.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Archaic to Hellenistic (493 BCE – 86 BCE Sulla siege) · Classical Athenian
Themistoclean war harbours where 196 trireme sheds launched the fleet of Salamis — slipways still under 6–8 m harbour water.
