🇪🇬 Egypt · Temple complex
El-Tod (Djerty / Tuphium)
Old Kingdom to Ptolemaic (2480 BCE–30 BCE; peak Middle Kingdom 12th Dyn) · Ancient Egyptian
Montu war-falcon temple at El-Tod with Sesostris granite pillars and Tod Treasure hoard.
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🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock art
Gebel Teir and Ain Amur Rock Art, Kharga Oasis
Early Holocene to Late Antiquity · Saharan Epipalaeolithic, Old Kingdom expeditions, Ptolemaic and Coptic oasis settlers
Kharga Oasis scarp petroglyphs from Holocene wet-phase savanna to Coptic, on caravan route.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Hierakonpolis (Nekhen)
Predynastic to Old Kingdom (Naqada I–III to 2686 BCE; peak Naqada III) · Egyptian (Predynastic Naqada II–III / Early Dynastic)
Predynastic megacity 3500 BCE 5 ha yielding Narmer Palette, earliest 12 m mudbrick fort, HK6 elephant burial and painted Tomb 100.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Pero-nakhet (Abu Billah) – Delta Emporion of the Canopic Coast
Bronze Age to Hellenistic (1570 – 300 BCE) · Hyksos / New Kingdom Egyptian / Late Period
15th c. BCE Thutmose III naval arsenal town on Canopic delta sandbar — quay now –1.5 to –3 m under Idku lagoon fish farms.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Myos Hormos — Mangrove Lagoon Harbour at Marsa Nakari (Aphrodite Port)
Ptolemaic to Roman (c.280 BCE – 150 CE) · Ptolemaic / Roman Egyptian
Myos Hormos system southern mangrove lagoon at Marsa Nakari — 0.5–1.5 m mangrove-enclosed harbour 18 km south of Marsa Alam, Nechesia hypothesis.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Pyramid of Iput I — Queen of Teti
Old Kingdom, 6th Dynasty · Ancient Egyptian
Small queens pyramid immediately north of the Pyramid of Teti at Saqqara, built for Queen Iput I, daughter of Unas and wife of Teti, mother of Pepi I.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Pyramid of Senwosret II at El-Lahun — Northern Annex
Middle Kingdom, 12th Dynasty, c.1890 BCE (Senwosret II / Sesostris II) · Ancient Egyptian (Senwosret II)
Pyramid of Senwosret II at Illahun (El-Lahun) desert edge Faiyum: 48 m high mudbrick pyramid (107 m base) with limestone casing, northern annex enclosure and 8 queen's pyramids (including Queen…
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Tebtunis — Submerged Harbour and Canal Bridge (Kom Umm el-Brigat)
Middle Kingdom to Byzantine (c.1800 BCE – 400 CE) · Egyptian / Ptolemaic / Roman
Fayum southern Tebtunis on Bahr canal mouth — quay and bridge harbour basin 1–2 m under field silt, cartonnage papyrus source.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Akoris — Second Terrace Harbour at Tihna el-Gabal (Nile Cliff)
Old Kingdom to Coptic (c.2500 BCE – 700 CE) · Egyptian / Ptolemaic / Roman
Nile cliff quarry town at Tihna — second harbour terrace slipway 2 m under talus 10 m above floodplain, limestone quay for Nile stone barges.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Archaeological wonder
Deir el-Bersha
Early Dynastic to Late Period (2950–650 BCE; decorated peak Middle Kingdom) · Ancient Egyptian / Coptic
Hare nome necropolis with Djehutihotep colossus sledge 172 men and earliest Book of Two Ways coffins.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Karanis – Fayum Lake Moeris Port Town Drowned and Re-exposed
Ptolemaic to Byzantine (3rd c. BCE – 5th c. CE) · Ptolemaic Greek / Egyptian / Roman
Fayum Lake Moeris granary port — Ptolemy II polder city whose lake quays now 2 m buried as Lake Qarun fell 20 m.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Akhetaten (Amarna) – Abandoned Sun City
New Kingdom Amarna Period (1353–1332 BCE) · Egyptian (Atenist reform)
Akhenaten's 1346 BCE desert sun capital – 12 km planned city and 382 Amarna Letters, abandoned after one reign.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Quseir al-Qadim — Southern Roman Anchorage Extension
Ptolemaic to Islamic (280 BCE – 1400 CE) · Ptolemaic / Roman / Ayyubid
Quseir/Myos Hormos southern twin basin — Roman concrete mole and Ayyubid jetty 0.3–1.2 m submerged south of main harbour.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Elephantine Small Step Pyramid
Old Kingdom, 3rd Dynasty, ~2630 BCE · Ancient Egyptian
Minor step pyramid on Elephantine Island, Aswan (c.2630 BCE), 18.46 m base, frontier marker.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Temple complex
Dendera Temple of Hathor
Late Ptolemaic to Roman (54 BCE–117 CE; zodiac 50 BCE) · Ptolemaic Egyptian / Roman
Best-preserved Hathor temple with 24 sistrum columns, crypt 'Dendera light' reliefs and zodiac ceiling (54 BCE).
🇪🇬 Egypt · Geoglyph
Bir al-Abd Desert Kites (North Sinai)
Late Neolithic (El-Maghara-related) · Sinai Neolithic coastal hunters
First documented North Sinai kites (45 m asl, 31°01′N 33°09′E) on Bardawil lagoon sabkha plain south of Bir al-Abd, bridging Sinai to Negev corridor.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Temple complex
Esna Temple of Khnum
Late Ptolemaic to Roman (1st–2nd c CE hall; full temple New Kingdom to Roman) · Egyptian (Ptolemaic-Roman Egyptian)
9 m below street level, surviving 24-column hypostyle hall 1st–2nd c CE of Khnum with astronomical ceiling and unique capitals.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Archaeological wonder
Beni Hasan
Old to Middle Kingdom (2350–1750 BCE; painted peak Twelfth Dynasty) · Ancient Egyptian
39 nomarch cliff tombs 2100–1750 BCE with Asiatic caravan 37 and wrestling 219 pairs proto-Doric.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Tel Dafana (Daphnae) – Psamtik's Greek Frontier Fort at Pelusium
Late Period to Persian (664 – 525 BCE) · Saite Egyptian / East Greek mercenary Ionian–Carian
664 BCE Saite Greek mercenary fort at Pelusium gateway — casemate walls half in Pelusiac sebkha –1 to –3 m with Greek pottery.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Pi-Ramses (Per-Ramses) – Qantir Vanished Metropolis
New Kingdom 19th–20th Dyn (1279–1070 BCE) · Egyptian New Kingdom imperial
Ramesses II's 10 km² vanished capital – 460 chariot stables and glass factories buried under Delta fields.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock art
Sehel Island
Predynastic to Roman (3200 BCE–364 CE; peak New Kingdom and Ptolemaic) · Ancient Egyptian
Granite islet with ~600 cataract boulder inscriptions including Famine Stela 32 columns and predynastic boats.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Karanis (Kom Aushim)
Ptolemaic to Late Roman (3rd c BCE–5th c CE; peak 1st–3rd c CE) · Ptolemaic Egyptian / Roman
Ptolemaic–Roman grain city Karanis with 85 ha mudbrick and papyri archive.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Marea – Lake Mareotis Port of Alexandria
Classical to Byzantine (570 BCE – 785 CE) · Egyptian Greek / Roman / Byzantine
Ptolemaic wine port on Lake Mareotis feeding Alexandria — jetties now reed-submerged –1 to –2 m at Hawariya.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Tell
Tell el-Maskhuta (Pithom)
MK through Roman; Saite-Persian peak · Middle Kingdom → Hyksos → Saite Necho II → Persian Achaemenid → Ptolemaic
Wadi Tumilat gateway tell — Middle Kingdom fort, Hyksos, Saite grain silos (600 m³) and Darius I canal station, biblical Pithom/Heroöpolis.