🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Cyrene
Archaic Greek to Byzantine (631 BCE–643 CE) · Greek / Hellenistic / Roman / Byzantine
100-ha Theran Greek metropolis with Apollo and Zeus sanctuaries, agora and 1000+ sarcophagus tombs.
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110 places in the atlas, 11 of them inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age urban
Leptis Magna — Severan Basilica North Apse in Al-Murgub, Leptis Magna, Libya is a Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attributed to Bron…
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Iron Age Saharan to Islamic (900 BCE–600 CE) · Garamantian (Saharan Berber)
6-ha foggara-irrigated Garamantian capital with 500 qanat and 250 tombs in Fezzan heartland.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Ghirza Romano-Libyan Tomb South A in Misrata, Ghirza, Libya is a Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Archaic Greek to Byzantine (630 BCE–7th c CE) · Greek / Hellenistic / Roman / Byzantine
Cyrene's port with double submerged harbour at -2.5 m, theatre and Governor's mosaics.
🇱🇾 Libya · Temple complex
Greek (630 BCE Cyrene Battus I → Apollo Temple 550 BCE; fountain Hellenistic 300 BCE) · Greek Cyrene (Theraean Greek colony 630 BCE Battus I oracle)
Cyrene sanctuary Smith & Goodchild, 630 Theran Battus delphi oracle.
🇱🇾 Libya · Temple complex
Moche (100–800 CE) · Moche
Temple of Croxton Forge in Fezzan, Libya is a Moche (100–800 CE) temple complex attributed to Moche culture.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Greek / Roman / Byzantine · Greek / Roman
Natural rock-harbour of Marmarica, fortress-emporion of Cyrene facing Egypt, later Justinianic fort guarding Via Maris. Classical mole at -1.5 m visible snorkelling; WWII overlays.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Roman / Byzantine · Roman
Customs fort marking Tripolitania–Cyrenaica boundary at Syrtis Major where road hugged sea past Arae Philaenorum. Fortlet with bath and cisterns praised by Sallust.
🇱🇾 Libya · Hydraulic works
Roman (Hadrianic, 2nd c. CE) · Roman (Tripolitania)
Three-arched Roman bridge (15 m spans) on Leptis coastal road.
🇱🇾 Libya · Submerged site
Archaic Greek to Early Islamic (560 BCE – 643 CE) · Greek Cyrenean / Ptolemaic / Roman
Overlapping Greek harbours of Euesperides (560 BCE) and Berenice (247 BCE) preserved as lagoon moles and fish-tanks under Benghazi lagoon.
🇱🇾 Libya · Submerged site
Bronze Age to Classical (2000 BCE–300 CE) · Bronze Age–Classical
Leptis Harbour Submerged Lighthouse Foundation in Murqub, Leptis, Libya is a Bronze Age to Classical (2000 BCE–300 CE) submerged city attributed to Bronze Age–Classical.
🇱🇾 Libya · Submerged site
Hellenistic to Early Islamic (247 BCE – 642 CE) · Greek Ptolemaic / Roman / Byzantine
Ptolemy III foundation 247 BCE — Pentapolis harbour drowned 2 m off Tolmeita with 100 m breakwater and 6,000 m³ cisterns.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Archaic Greek to Early Islamic (7th c BCE–7th c CE; Hellenistic–Roman peak) · Greek / Ptolemaic / Roman / Byzantine
Hellenistic Pentapolis capital with 45×38 m grid, Villa of Columns 55 m peristyle and Diocletian circuit wall.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Garama Central Garamantian Qasr 1 in Fezzan, Garama, Libya is a Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age.
🇱🇾 Libya · Rock art
Early Holocene to Camel Period (Pastoral/Horse/Camel) · Pastoral Saharan / Garamantine / Tuareg
Archetypal Saharan wadi gallery Mathendous with Bubalus-to-Camel engravings of extinct megafauna.
🇱🇾 Libya · Rock art
Pleistocene to Islamic (Middle Stone Age to Camel Period) · Bubalus hunter-gatherers / Pastoralists / Garamantes / Tuareg
350-km sandstone cuesta Messak Settafet — 15,000 engravings and lithic quarries spanning 12 ka.
🇱🇾 Libya · Rock art
Early Holocene to Mid-Holocene (10,000–3000 BCE) · African Humid Period Pastoral (Early/Middle Holocene)
80-m acacus shelter with 7000 BCE feather-cape mummies and earliest African dairy 8200 BP lipids.
🇱🇾 Libya · Submerged site
Archaic to Byzantine (631 BCE inland Cyrene; port 6th c. BCE – 7th c. CE Arab) · Dor Greek / Hellenistic / Roman / Byzantine
Cyrene port on the Libyan limestone coast — moles and shipsheds now 2–4 m under crystal water at Marsa Susa after AD 365 quake.
🇱🇾 Libya · Submerged site
Archaic to Late Roman (6th c. BCE – 5th c. CE naustathmos) · Greek Cyrenean / Roman
Cyrenaica northern tip storm harbour — twin 120 m moles at 2 m depth on Ras al-Hamama cape refuge.
🇱🇾 Libya · Temple complex
Bronze Age to Classical (2000 BCE–500 CE) · Multi-period temple culture
Sabratha — Theatre North Cavea Ancillary in Zawiya, Sabratha, Libya is a Bronze Age to Classical (2000 BCE–500 CE) temple complex attributed to Multi-perio…
🇱🇾 Libya · Submerged site
Greek (630 BCE Cyrene foundation) → Roman city subsided 6.2 earthquake? 374 CE Crete quake 365 CE? Drowned 2017 tomography 365 Crete 8.3 quake sank 2 m · Greek Cyrene port and Roman
Apollonia Cyrenaica Flemming 1958 submerged city 365 earthquake drowned 2 m.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Phoenician to Byzantine (c.500 BCE–643 CE; monumental Roman 1st–3rd c CE) · Phoenician / Punic / Hellenistic / Roman / Byzantine
Tripolitanian Phoenician port (5th c BCE) with Hellenistic and then Roman city: Theatre of Sabratha – most complete Roman theatre in Africa (Marcus Aurelius era 175–200 CE, cavea 92.6 m, three-storey…
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient port
Phoenician (500 BCE) → Punic → Roman Septimian basilica 2nd c. CE urban expansion Severus, 365 Crete quake partially submerged 1 m · Punic → Roman Antonine Severan harbour theatre 108 m diameter with 3-storey scaenae
Sabratha Guidi 1923 Severan theatre of Severus 150.
