🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Hyllarima Temple of Zeus Hyllos — Kavaklıdere Upland
Classical to Roman · Carian, Hellenistic
850-m Kavaklıdere upland Zeus Hyllos 2nd BCE prostylos with agora odeion, Chrysaoric League pastoral city.
371 places · page 7 of 16
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Trapezus – Black Sea Harbour of Trabzon, Pontus
Archaic to Ottoman (631 BCE – 1923 CE) · Ionian Greek / Pontic / Roman / Byzantine / Seljuk
Milesian 756 BCE via Sinope — 180 m eastern mole at −2 m off Trabzon Ortahisar where Xenophon wintered 30 days.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Giricano Tepe (Gırcano)
Early Bronze Age through Iron Age II; MBA Khabur ware, Neo-Assyrian 11th–7th c. BCE · MBA Khabur ware → Middle Assyrian frontier → Neo-Assyrian provincial (Dunnu)
Upper Tigris Assyrian farmstead tell (c.1070–600 BCE) with Dunnu-ša-Uzibi archive — Ilısu salvage text site.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Fortified city
Dara (Anastasiopolis)
Late Roman–Byzantine (505 CE–1071 CE) · Eastern Roman (Byzantine) vs Sasanian Persian
Justinian border megafort with 3.5 km walls, earliest arch dam and 18 m deep rock-cut Great Cistern.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Ziyaret Tepe (Tušhan)
Bronze Age veneer → Neo-Assyrian provincial (Iron Age) · Mitanni → Middle/Neo-Assyrian (Ashurnasirpal II–Ashurbanipal)
Assyrian imperial capital Tušhan (883–611 BCE) — 32 ha citadel + lower town with palace, palace ware and Tigris quay, burned at Median fall, Upper Tigris frontier.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Hasankeyf Höyük
PPNA to Medieval; dominant Neolithic and Medieval citadel · PPNA/PPNB Neolithic → Assyrian → Artuqid Kurdish → Ottoman
Tigris gorge tell (PPNA Neolithic through Medieval) with cliff-edge Neolithic houses — gorge-side multi-period palimpsest partly encircled by Ilısu reservoir after 2020.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Norsun Tepe (Norsuntepe)
Late Chalcolithic to MBA (Uruk, EBA, MBA) · Late Uruk → Transcaucasian (Kura-Araxes) → MBA Hurrian
Keban salvage tell with Chalcolithic–MBA stratified sequence — Uruk enclave, Transcaucasian (Karaz) and early Mitanni levels before Euphrates dam flooding.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient village
Köşk Höyük
Neolithic–Late Chalcolithic (6000–3200 BCE) · Central Anatolian (Cappadocian) Neolithic–Chalcolithic
Bor Plateau Neolithic village with painted floors, earliest copper and plastered skulls.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Pessinus (Ballıhisar)
Chalcolithic to Byzantine; Phrygian-Roman sanctuary peak · Phrygian → Galatian Tolistobogii → Roman Galatia
Mother-goddess sanctuary-city of Cybele — Phrygian terraces, Hellenistic temple and Roman acropolis buried under Ballıhisar mound on Sangarios.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient village
Zeytinli Bahçe Höyük
Halaf-Ubaid to Early Bronze (5500–3000 BCE; peak LC 3800–3300 BCE) · Halaf-Ubaid → Late Chalcolithic Euphrates → Uruk fringe
Euphrates Ubaid–Uruk terrace tell with tripartite elite hall and wall painting.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Başur Höyük
Late Chalcolithic (LC4-5) pre-Uruk to Jemdet Nasr · Upper Tigris LC culture (Uruk-extended / local transcaucasian)
Siirt ‘royal’ chalcolithic cemetery (3500–3000 BCE) with retainer burials — copper, lapis and earliest gaming set at Uruk fringe, Upper Tigris inequality origin.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Chatal Höyük (Çatal Höyük Amuq)
Neolithic through Iron; Amuq A-J typology · Amuq Neolithic → Halaf → Ubaid → EBA → Syro-Hittite
Amuq type-site mound defining Amuq A–J phases (Neolithic–Iron) — 22 m deposit with Neolithic painted ware, Ninevite V and Iron Syro-Hittite ceramics.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Eskiyapar Höyük
Early Bronze to Iron Age (3000–700 BCE; peak MBA colony and Hittite Empire) · Hattian / Assyrian colony → Old Hittite → Hittite Empire → Phrygian
Alaca plain tell with Assyrian colony, Hittite gold treasure and EB Alaca-culture tombs.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Ilıpınar Höyük
Late Neolithic to EBA (Marmara Neolithic, Chalcolithic) · Marmara Neolithic (Fikirtepe) → Late Chalcolithic (İznik) → EBA
Marmara lakeside Neolithic tell (5800–3500 BCE) with waterlogged wooden tools — wattle-daub village, bone sickles, then ditched Chalcolithic mound, İznik Lake type-site.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Olba and Diocaesarea (Uzuncaburç)
Hellenistic to Byzantine (c.300 BCE–600 CE) · Seleucid priest-kings → Isaurian → Roman Cilician
Priest-kingdom Olba with colossal Zeus temple (five columns 11 m) and Diocaesarea colonnaded sacred way.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Tell Atchana Palace Mound — Alalakh
Middle to Late Bronze Age, c.2200-1200 BCE (Amorite–Hittite) · Amorite / Hittite (Yamhad / Alalakh)
Tell Atchana 22 ha tell in Amuq Plain (Hatay): capital Mukish polity and Alalakh palaces. Excavated by Leonard Woolley (1935-49) and K.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Harbetsuvan Tepesi
Pre-Pottery Neolithic A–B · Taş Tepeler PPN
Tektek summit acropolis with round terrazzo building and T-pillars, 7 km from Karahan Tepe.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Lidar Höyük Euphrates Terrace
Chalcolithic to Medieval (4300 BCE–1400 CE) · Chalcolithic → EB → MBA → Hittite → Hellenistic → Islamic
Lidar Höyük Euphrates Terrace is the 8.5-ha southern alluvial terrace below Lidar Höyük main mound on the Euphrates right bank — excavated by Hauptmann before the Atatürk reservoir rose.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Seyitömer Höyük
Early Bronze Age I-III to Iron Age; lignite-sealed · Western Anatolian EBA (Yortan-like) → MBA Hittite influence
Western Anatolian EBA proto-urban tell (170×185 m) with EBA I-III fortified town, early tin-bronze and mass burial, rescued ahead of coal mining.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Melid
Chalcolithic–Iron Age (4200–700 BCE), Melid proper c.1100–700 BCE · Late Chalcolithic palace → Neo-Hittite Luwian kingdom of Kammanu/Melid
Neo-Hittite Melid capital (Iron Age successor to Arslantepe palace, UNESCO 1622) on Malatya plain.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Titriş Höyük Outer Settlement
Early to Middle Bronze (3100–2100 BCE) · Ninevite V → EBA Urban → Akkadian
Titriş Höyük Outer Settlement is the 28-ha extramural sprawl beyond the walled lower town — together 43 ha, the largest EBA city in the Turkish Euphrates zone before state formation.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Kültepe – Kanesh (Karum Kaneš)
Early to Middle Bronze Age (Assyrian Colony Age) · Anatolian Hattian/ Hittite + Old Assyrian merchants
Double city: 21 m Anatolian upper town Kanesh + lower Karum Assyrian merchant colony (c.2100–1700 BCE) with 23,500 Old Assyrian cuneiform tablets — largest private archive of Bronze Age.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Norsuntepe
Chalcolithic–Iron Age (c.4000–800 BCE) · Ubaid → Early Transcaucasian → Hurrian → Hittite → Urartian hinterland
Keban rescue tell (Ubaid–Iron Age, 35 m high, EBA palace) now submerged under Lake Keban.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Aphrodisias
Late Bronze Age to Byzantine (c.3000 BCE–12th century CE; peak Julio-Claudian to Severan) · Carian → Hellenistic Greek → Roman → Byzantine
Aphrodite's marble city with 30,000-seat stadium, Tetrapylon and Sebasteion reliefs.